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Why Birthright Citizenship Matters for Immigrant Children: Short- and Long-Run Impacts on Educational Integration

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  • Christina Felfe
  • Helmut Rainer
  • Judith Saurer

Abstract

This paper examines whether the introduction of birthright citizenship in Germany affected immigrant children’s educational outcomes at the first three stages of the education system: preschool, primary school, and secondary school. Using a birth date cutoff as a source of exogenous variation, we find that the policy (i) increased immigrant children’s participation in noncompulsory preschool education, (ii) had positive effects on key developmental outcomes measured at the end of the preschool period, (iii) caused immigrant children to progress faster through primary school, and (iv) increased the likelihood of them attending the academic track of secondary school.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Felfe & Helmut Rainer & Judith Saurer, 2020. "Why Birthright Citizenship Matters for Immigrant Children: Short- and Long-Run Impacts on Educational Integration," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 38(1), pages 143-182.
    • Handle: RePEc:ucp:jlabec:doi:10.1086/704570
    DOI: 10.1086/704570
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    Cited by:

    1. Matilda Kilström & Birthe Larsen & Elisabet Olme, 2023. "Temporary refugee protection and labor-market outcomes," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(4), pages 1895-1929, October.
    2. Barisic, Manuela & Jäger, Simon & Manning, Alan & Muñoz, Mathilde & Rinne, Ulf & Stuhler, Jan, 2023. "Einwanderung klug, einfach und fair gestalten: Ein Vorschlag mit doppelter Dividende," IZA Standpunkte 105, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Aparicio Fenoll, Ainoa, 2022. "Naturalization and Immigrants' Health," IZA Discussion Papers 15659, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Murard, Elie, 2023. "Long-term effects of the 1923 mass refugee inflow on social cohesion in Greece," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    5. Francesco Fasani & Tommaso Frattini & Maxime Pirot, 2023. "From Refugees to Citizens: Labor Market Returns to Naturalization," Development Working Papers 489, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano, revised 11 Jun 2024.
    6. Felfe, Christina & Kocher, Martin G. & Rainer, Helmut & Saurer, Judith & Siedler, Thomas, 2021. "More opportunity, more cooperation? The behavioral effects of birthright citizenship on immigrant youth," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    7. Arendt, Jacob Nielsen & Dustmann, Christian & Ku, Hyejin, 2023. "Permanent Residency and Refugee Immigrants' Skill Investment," IZA Discussion Papers 16313, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Gordon B Dahl & Christina Felfe & Paul Frijters & Helmut Rainer, 2022. "Caught between Cultures: Unintended Consequences of Improving Opportunity for Immigrant Girls," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(5), pages 2491-2528.
    9. Marie C. Hull, 2023. "What divides the first and second generations? Family time of arrival and educational outcomes for immigrant youth," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 89(3), pages 754-787, January.
    10. Britta Rude, 2023. "Ending Statelessness for Displaced Children: Impact on Early Childhood Education," ifo Working Paper Series 401, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    11. Gathmann, Christina & Garbers, Julio, 2023. "Citizenship and integration," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Gathmann, Christina & Vonnahme, Christina & Busse, Anna & Kim, Jongoh, 2021. "Marginal returns to citizenship and educational performance," Ruhr Economic Papers 920, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    13. Jin, Zhangfeng & Zhang, Junsen, 2023. "Access to local citizenship and internal migration in a developing country: Evidence from a Hukou reform in China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 181-215.
    14. Hannah Zillessen, 2022. "Uncertainty, Citizenship & Migrant Saving Choices," Economics Series Working Papers 1008, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    15. Raux, Morgan, 2023. "Cultural differences and immigrants’ wages," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    16. Tumen, Semih & Vlassopoulos, Michael & Wahba, Jackline, 2021. "Training Teachers for Diversity Awareness: Impact on School Attendance of Refugee Children," IZA Discussion Papers 14557, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    17. Venkatesh Murthy & Diptanshu Gaur & Korak Bhaduri, 2022. "Parents, Pupils, Pedagogues, and Policies: A Rectangle of School Education for Immigrant’s Children," Systemic Practice and Action Research, Springer, vol. 35(5), pages 607-634, October.

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