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Baby Boomlets and Baby Health: Hospital Crowdedness, Hospital Spending, and Infant Health

Author

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  • Mindy Marks

    (Department of Economics, Northeastern University)

  • Moonkyung Kate Choi

    (Keck Graduate Institute)

Abstract

To identify the causal relationship between health-care spending and infant health, we employ the following source of identifying variation: hospital crowdedness measured in its simplest form, by the number of infants born on a given day in a given hospital. The thought experiment is during a crowded time; infants receive less medical care because resource constraints are binding. Using detailed information on every birth in California from 2002 to 2006, we find that hospital crowdedness reduces spending for at-risk infants. Our main finding is that at-risk infants who had more intensive hospital stays because they were born on slow days fared no better than their busy day counterparts. Specifically, the mortality gains from additional spending are negligible, and additional spending increases unscheduled hospital readmission rates in the first year of life. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of crowdedness that account for hospital crowdedness on the days surrounding the birth. When we use alternative measures of treatment intensity (length of stay and delivery spending), we find similar results. Our results suggest that when forced to reduce the intensity of treatment, the health-care system does so in a way that does not harm health.

Suggested Citation

  • Mindy Marks & Moonkyung Kate Choi, 2019. "Baby Boomlets and Baby Health: Hospital Crowdedness, Hospital Spending, and Infant Health," American Journal of Health Economics, MIT Press, vol. 5(3), pages 376-406, Summer.
  • Handle: RePEc:tpr:amjhec:v:5:y:2019:i:3:p:376-406
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    Cited by:

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    2. Maibom, Jonas & Sievertsen, Hans H. & Simonsen, Marianne & Wüst, Miriam, 2021. "Maternity ward crowding, procedure use, and child health," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    3. Bachner, Florian & Halla, Martin & Pruckner, Gerald J., 2024. "Do Empty Beds Cause Cesarean Deliveries?," IZA Discussion Papers 16981, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Simon Bensnes, 2021. "Time to spare and too much care. Congestion and overtreatment at the maternity ward," Discussion Papers 963, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    5. Kovacs, Roxanne J. & Lagarde, Mylène, 2022. "Does high workload reduce the quality of healthcare? Evidence from rural Senegal," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113759, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    6. Emilio Gutierrez & Adrian Rubli, 2021. "Shocks to Hospital Occupancy and Mortality: Evidence from the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(9), pages 5943-5952, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    infant health; marginal returns to medical spending; health-care utilization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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