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Trends in Canadian Mortality by Pension Level: Evidence from the CPP and QPP

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  • Jie Wen
  • Torsten Kleinow
  • Andrew J. G. Cairns

Abstract

This article looks at the mortality of Canadian pensioners subdivided by pension level using data from the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Québec Pension Plan (QPP). Differing pension levels (11 groups) are found to give rise to significant levels of mortality inequality at age 65, with a declining inequality gap as cohorts get older. We also find that levels of inequality have increased slightly over time, and that the QPP pensioners exhibit greater levels of inequality than CPP. Additionally, we find strong, but indirect, evidence among the lowest pension groups for a healthy immigrant effect.We fit a range of multipopulation stochastic mortality models to the CPP and QPP data and find that the common age effect model satisfies a range of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The model allows us to distill further detail from the underlying mortality data as well as provide a coherent basis for forecasting mortality and assessing uncertainty in these forecasts.Lastly, we use clustering methods to consider how significant the differences are between the 11 groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Jie Wen & Torsten Kleinow & Andrew J. G. Cairns, 2020. "Trends in Canadian Mortality by Pension Level: Evidence from the CPP and QPP," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(4), pages 533-561, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:uaajxx:v:24:y:2020:i:4:p:533-561
    DOI: 10.1080/10920277.2019.1679190
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Simon Schnürch & Torsten Kleinow & Ralf Korn, 2021. "Clustering-Based Extensions of the Common Age Effect Multi-Population Mortality Model," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-32, March.
    2. Juan Manuel Pérez-Salamero González & Marta Regúlez Castillo & Carlos Vidal-Meliá, 2021. "Mortality and life expectancy trends for male pensioners by pension income level," Documentos de Trabajo del ICAE 2021-02, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Instituto Complutense de Análisis Económico.
    3. Juan Manuel Pérez-Salamero González & Marta Regúlez-Castillo & Carlos Vidal-Meliá, 2021. "Differences in Life Expectancy Between Self-Employed Workers and Paid Employees when Retirement Pensioners: Evidence from Spanish Social Security Records," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 37(3), pages 697-725, July.
    4. Samuel Asante Gyamerah & Janet Arthur & Saviour Worlanyo Akuamoah & Yethu Sithole, 2023. "Measurement and Impact of Longevity Risk in Portfolios of Pension Annuity: The Case in Sub Saharan Africa," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 2(1), pages 1-20, January.
    5. Kenneth Q. Zhou & Johnny S.-H. Li & Pintao Lyu, 2024. "Bringing parametric mortality indexes to practice: a generalized CBD model with stochastic socioeconomic differentials in mortality improvements," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(2), pages 295-319, April.

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