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Enabling factors for establishing REDD+ in a context of weak governance

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  • Kaisa Korhonen-Kurki
  • Jenniver Sehring
  • Maria Brockhaus
  • Monica Di Gregorio

Abstract

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has emerged as an important carbon governance mechanism. However, forest governance is weak in most REDD+ countries, which undermines efforts to establish REDD+. This study analyses the factors that enable national REDD+ processes in the context of weak governance using a two-step 'qualitative comparative analysis' (QCA) of 12 REDD+ countries. Assuming that actor-related factors can be effective only if certain institutional preconditions are met, six factors were divided into two categories that were analysed separately: institutional setting (pressure from forest-resource shortage; forest legislation, policy, and governance; already initiated policy change) and the policy arena (national ownership; transformational coalitions; inclusiveness of the policy process). The factors were analysed to determine their role in efforts to establish comprehensive REDD+ policies that target transformational change. The results reveal path dependencies and institutional stickiness in all the study countries. Only countries already undertaking institutional change have been able to establish REDD+ policies in a relatively short period - but only in the presence of either high pressure from forest-resource shortages or key features of effective forest legislation, policy, and governance. Furthermore, where an enabling institutional setting is in place, the policy arena conditions of national ownership and transformational coalitions are crucial. Policy relevance Although the aim of REDD+ is to provide performance-based payments for emissions reductions, the outcomes in terms of actual emission reductions or co-benefits are not yet observable. Most REDD+ countries are still at the design and implementation stage for policies and measures. Indicators and criteria to measure progress in this phase are required to identify which factors enable or hinder countries' performance in delivering necessary policy change to provide targeted financial incentives to support countries' efforts. This study analyses the factors that shape national REDD+ processes in the context of weak governance using a two-step QCA of 12 REDD+ countries. The results show a set of enabling conditions and characteristics of the policy process under which REDD+ policies can be established. These findings may help guide other countries seeking to formulate REDD+ policies that are likely to deliver efficient, effective, and equitable outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaisa Korhonen-Kurki & Jenniver Sehring & Maria Brockhaus & Monica Di Gregorio, 2014. "Enabling factors for establishing REDD+ in a context of weak governance," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(2), pages 167-186, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:tcpoxx:v:14:y:2014:i:2:p:167-186
    DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2014.852022
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Fischer, Richard & Hargita, Yvonne & Günter, Sven, 2016. "Insights from the ground level? A content analysis review of multi-national REDD+ studies since 2010," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 47-58.
    2. Jewel Andoh & Yohan Lee, 2018. "National REDD+ Strategy for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review and Comparison of Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Aogán Delaney & Tom Evans & John McGreevy & Jordan Blekking & Tyler Schlachter & Kaisa Korhonen-Kurki & Peter A. Tamás & Todd A. Crane & Hallie Eakin & Wiebke Förch & Lindsey Jones & Donald R. Nelson , 2018. "Governance of food systems across scales in times of social-ecological change: a review of indicators," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 10(2), pages 287-310, April.
    4. Weatherley-Singh, Janice & Gupta, Aarti, 2017. "An ecological landscape approach to REDD+ in Madagascar: Promise and limitations?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(P1), pages 1-9.
    5. Lund, Jens Friis & Sungusia, Eliezeri & Mabele, Mathew Bukhi & Scheba, Andreas, 2017. "Promising Change, Delivering Continuity: REDD+ as Conservation Fad," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 124-139.
    6. Antti Gronow & Maria Brockhaus & Monica Di Gregorio & Aasa Karimo & Tuomas Ylä-Anttila, 2021. "Policy learning as complex contagion: how social networks shape organizational beliefs in forest-based climate change mitigation," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 54(3), pages 529-556, September.
    7. Jichuan Sheng & Weihai Zhou & Alex De Sherbinin, 2018. "Uncertainty in Estimates, Incentives, and Emission Reductions in REDD+ Projects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, July.
    8. Sheng, Jichuan & Hong, Qiu & Han, Xiao, 2019. "Neoliberal conservation in REDD+: The roles of market power and incentive designs," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    9. Guifang Liu & Jie Li & Liang Ren & Heli Lu & Jingcao Wang & Yaxing Zhang & Cheng Zhang & Chuanrong Zhang, 2022. "Identification of Socio-Economic Impacts as the Main Drivers of Carbon Stocks in China’s Tropical Rainforests: Implications for REDD+," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-20, November.
    10. Maria Fernanda Gebara & Peter H. May & Rachel Carmenta & Bruno Calixto & Maria Brockhaus & Monica Gregorio, 2017. "Framing REDD+ in the Brazilian national media: how discourses evolved amid global negotiation uncertainties," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 141(2), pages 213-226, March.
    11. Fischer, Richard & Tamayo Cordero, Fabian & Ojeda Luna, Tatiana & Ferrer Velasco, Rubén & DeDecker, Maria & Torres, Bolier & Giessen, Lukas & Günter, Sven, 2021. "Interplay of governance elements and their effects on deforestation in tropical landscapes: Quantitative insights from Ecuador," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    12. Sarah Benabou, 2021. "Carbon Forests at the Margins of the State: The Politics of Indigenous Sovereignty and Market Environmentalism in the North-eastern Hills of India," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 16(3), pages 387-413, December.
    13. Arts, Bas & Brockhaus, Maria & Giessen, Lukas & McDermott, Constance L., 2024. "The performance of global forest governance: Three contrasting perspectives," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    14. Markus Lederer & Chris Höhne, 2021. "Max Weber in the tropics: How global climate politics facilitates the bureaucratization of forestry in Indonesia," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 15(1), pages 133-151, January.
    15. Sébastien Jodoin, 2017. "The transnational policy process for REDD+ and domestic policy entrepreneurship in developing countries," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 35(8), pages 1418-1436, December.
    16. Sarker, Pradip Kumar & Fischer, Richard & Tamayo, Fabian & Navarrete, Bolier Torres & Günter, Sven, 2022. "Analyzing forest policy mixes based on the coherence of policies and the consistency of legislative policy instruments: A case study from Ecuador," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    17. Ng, Julia Su Chen & Chervier, Colas & Ancrenaz, Marc & Naito, Daisuke & Karsenty, Alain, 2022. "Recent forest and land-use policy changes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo: Are they truly transformational?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    18. Sheng, Jichuan & Qiu, Hong, 2018. "Governmentality within REDD+: Optimizing incentives and efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 611-622.
    19. Nansikombi, Hellen & Fischer, Richard & Kabwe, Gillian & Günter, Sven, 2020. "Exploring patterns of forest governance quality: Insights from forest frontier communities in Zambia’s Miombo ecoregion," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).

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