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Centres and Peripheries in Finland: Granger Causality Tests Using Panel Data

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  • Hannu Tervo

Abstract

Abstract Despite their importance from a policy point of view, empirical studies on the effects of growth centres in their regions are rare. This paper analyses mutual relationships between growth processes in centres and their surrounding hinterlands in 19 Finnish regions. Annual population data from the period 1970–2004 are used. A novel testing procedure based on an extension of the Granger causality definition in a panel data context is applied. Heterogeneity between regions is allowed. Both the homogeneous non-causality hypothesis and the homogeneous causality hypothesis are rejected. Causal processes prove to be heterogeneous. Causality from centres to peripheries is found for nine regions and causality from peripheries to centres for twelve regions. Rapidly growing and large centres, in particular, have negative effects on their hinterlands. Centres et banlieues en Finlande: tests de causalité de Granger faisant usage de données de panel RÉSUMÉ En dépit de leur importance sur le plan de la politique, les études empiriques sur les effets des centres d'expansion dans leurs régions sont rares. La présente communication analyse, dans dix-neuf régions de la Finlande, les rapports réciproques entre procédés d'expansion dans les centres et leur arrière-pays environnant. Pour ceci, on utilise des données sur la population annuelle remontant à la période 1970–2004. On applique une nouvelle technique de test basée sur une extension de la définition de Granger dans le contexte de données de panel. L'hétérogénéité entre les régions est admise. Tant l'hypothèse de la non causalité homogène que celle de la causalité homogène sont rejetées. Les techniques causales s'avèrent être hétérogènes. On relève une causalité des centres aux banlieues dans neuf régions, et des banlieues aux centres ville dans douze régions. Notamment, les centres ville de grande taille et en pleine expansion ont un effet négatif sur leur arrière-pays. Centros y periferias en Finlandia: Ensayos de causalidad de Granger utilizando datos de panel RÉSUMÉN A pesar de su importancia desde un punto de vista de políticas, los estudios empíricos sobre los efectos de los centros de crecimiento en sus regiones son escasos. Este trabajo analiza las relaciones mutuas entre los procesos de crecimiento en los centros y sus interiores vecinos, en diecinueve regiones finlandesas. Se utilizan datos anuales de población entre el período de 1970–2004. Se aplica un nuevo procedimiento de ensayo basado en una extensión de la definición de causalidad de Granger dentro de un contexto de datos de panel. Se tiene en cuenta la heterogeneidad entre regiones. Se rechazan tanto la hipótesis de no causalidad homogénea como la hipótesis de causalidad homogénea. Los procesos causales demuestran ser heterogéneos. Causalidad de centros a periferias se encuentra en nueve regiones, y causalidad de periferias a centros en doce regiones. Los centros grandes y de rápido crecimiento, en particular, tienen efectos negativos sobre sus interiores.

Suggested Citation

  • Hannu Tervo, 2009. "Centres and Peripheries in Finland: Granger Causality Tests Using Panel Data," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(4), pages 377-390.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:specan:v:4:y:2009:i:4:p:377-390
    DOI: 10.1080/17421770903317652
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    2. Lehtonen Olli & Tykkyläinen Markku, 2014. "Potential Job Creation and Resource Dependance in Rural Finland," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 6(3), pages 202-224, September.
    3. Kirsi Mukkala & Hannu Tervo, 2012. "Regional airports and regional growth: which way does the causality run?," ERSA conference papers ersa12p642, European Regional Science Association.
    4. Tervo, Hannu, 2016. "Do People Follow Jobs or Do Jobs Follow People? The Case of Finland in an International Context," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 46(1).
    5. Arvin, Mak B. & Pradhan, Rudra P. & Norman, Neville R., 2015. "Transportation intensity, urbanization, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the G-20 countries," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 50-66.
    6. Giuseppe Arbia, 2011. "A Lustrum of SEA: Recent Research Trends Following the Creation of the Spatial Econometrics Association (2007--2011)," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(4), pages 377-395, July.
    7. Elena Cigu & Daniela Tatiana Agheorghiesei & Anca Florentina Gavriluță (Vatamanu) & Elena Toader, 2018. "Transport Infrastructure Development, Public Performance and Long-Run Economic Growth: A Case Study for the Eu-28 Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-22, December.
    8. Aliaga, Javier & Herrera, Marcos & Leguía, Daniel & Mur, Jesús & Ruiz, Manuel & Villegas, Horacio, 2011. "Spatial Causality. An application to the Deforestation Process in Bolivia," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 21, pages 183-198.
    9. Lehtonen Olli & Tykkyläinen Markku & Voutilainen Olli, 2012. "Root causes of rural decline in economic well-being in Finland," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 4(3), pages 217-239, January.
    10. Halonen Maija & Kotilainen Juha & Tykkyläinen Markku & Vatanen Eero, 2015. "Industry life cycles of a resource town in Finland – the case of Lieksa," European Countryside, Sciendo, vol. 7(1), pages 16-41, March.
    11. Özer, Mustafa & Canbay, Şerif & Kırca, Mustafa, 2021. "The impact of container transport on economic growth in Turkey: An ARDL bounds testing approach," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    12. Tervo, Hannu, 2010. "Cities, hinterlands and agglomeration shadows: Spatial developments in Finland during 1880-2004," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, vol. 47(4), pages 476-486, October.
    13. Hannu Tervo, 2011. "Cities, hinterlands and agglomeration shadows: spatial developments in Finland over 1880-2004," ERSA conference papers ersa10p147, European Regional Science Association.
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    15. Mill�n D�az-Foncea & Carmen Marcuello, 2014. "The Relation between Total Employment and Cooperative Employment: A Convergence and Causality Analysis," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(1), pages 71-92, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regional growth; core–periphery; growth centre; Granger causality; panel data; C23; C12; O18; R11;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C12 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Hypothesis Testing: General
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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