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Effect of oil revenues on size and income of Iranian middle class

Author

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  • Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
  • Pooya Alaedini
  • Khayyam Azizimehr
  • Mohammad M. Habibpour

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of oil revenues on the middle-class size and income in Iran. Following Kharas (2017. The unprecedented expansion of the global middle class: An update. The Brookings Institution), it uses an absolute measure to define the middle class as those who earn between US$11 and US$110 per day (2011 PPP). The study employs annual time series data for 1965–2017 and a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model along with impulse response and variance decomposition analyses. Findings indicate that the response of the middle class to positive oil-income shocks in Iran is positive and significant. It is further shown that the channels of international non-oil trade, service sector, and overall economic development are important in understanding the relationship between the oil income and the middle class in Iran. These results are robust when controlling for other channels in the nexus of oil income and middle class as well as alternative definitions of middle-class income based on relative measures obtained from Iran’s income and expenditure household surveys.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Pooya Alaedini & Khayyam Azizimehr & Mohammad M. Habibpour, 2021. "Effect of oil revenues on size and income of Iranian middle class," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 27-58, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rmdjxx:v:13:y:2021:i:1:p:27-58
    DOI: 10.1080/17938120.2021.1898232
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Ojo EKIRAN (PhD), 2024. "Petroleum Revenue and Gross Domestic Product in Nigeria," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 11(1), pages 141-153, January.
    2. Phoebe W. Ishak & Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, 2022. "Oil price shocks, protest, and the shadow economy: Is there a mitigation effect?," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(2), pages 298-321, July.
    3. Musa Dauda & Philip O. Alege & Olabanji O. Ewetan & Franklin F. Asemota, 2023. "Oil Revenue and Sustainable Economic Growth in Nigeria: Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(4), pages 150-155, July.
    4. Asnaashary, Mozhgan & Farzanegan, Mohammad Reza & Feizi, Mehdi & Gholipour, Hassan F., 2024. "Economic determinants of child marriage: Evidence from the Iranian provinces," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    5. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Mohammad Ali Kadivar, 2023. "The effect of Islamic revolution and war on income inequality in Iran," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 1007-1026, August.

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