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Evaluation of Networks of Plans and Vulnerability to Hazards and Climate Change: A Resilience Scorecard

Author

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  • Philip Berke
  • Galen Newman
  • Jaekyung Lee
  • Tabitha Combs
  • Carl Kolosna
  • David Salvesen

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Land use planning is key to mitigating natural hazards and the effects of climate change. Communities adopt multiple plans that directly and indirectly address hazard mitigation; the integration of local plans can significantly affect future community vulnerability to hazards. We develop a resilience scorecard to assess the degree to which the network of local plans targets areas most prone to hazards and then evaluate the coordination of local plans and test it in Washington (NC), a community vulnerable to coastal floods and projected sea-level rise. We find that local plans are not fully consistent and do not always address the areas in a community most vulnerable to floods or sea level risks; moreover, some plans actually increase physical and social vulnerability to hazards. While these results indicate the validity of a resiliency scorecard, we were forced to use a narrow range of vulnerability indicators; better data would improve the process. Takeaway for practice: Planners can assume a crucial role in improving planning for hazards by using the scorecard to identify conflicts among local plans, assessing whether local plans target areas most vulnerable to specific hazards. Planners can inform the public and decision makers about missed opportunities to improve local hazard mitigation planning. To support such important efforts, the U.S. Federal -Emergency Management Agency and other federal agencies should consider developing additional databases that are widely applicable and available.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip Berke & Galen Newman & Jaekyung Lee & Tabitha Combs & Carl Kolosna & David Salvesen, 2015. "Evaluation of Networks of Plans and Vulnerability to Hazards and Climate Change: A Resilience Scorecard," Journal of the American Planning Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 81(4), pages 287-302, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:rjpaxx:v:81:y:2015:i:4:p:287-302
    DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2015.1093954
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Youjung Kim & Galen Newman, 2019. "Climate Change Preparedness: Comparing Future Urban Growth and Flood Risk in Amsterdam and Houston," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Tom M. Logan & Seth D. Guikema, 2020. "Reframing Resilience: Equitable Access to Essential Services," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(8), pages 1538-1553, August.
    3. Hyun Kim & David W. Marcouiller & Kyle Maurice Woosnam, 2021. "Multilevel Climate Governance, Anticipatory Adaptation, and the Vulnerability‐Readiness Nexus," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(2), pages 222-242, March.
    4. Jaekyung Lee & Yunmi Park & Hyun Woo Kim, 2019. "Evaluation of Local Comprehensive Plans to Vacancy Issue in a Growing and Shrinking City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Firas Gerges & Hani Nassif & Xiaolong Geng & Holly A. Michael & Michel C. Boufadel, 2022. "GIS-based approach for evaluating a community intrinsic resilience index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(2), pages 1271-1299, March.
    6. Bacău, Simona & Grădinaru, Simona R. & Hersperger, Anna M., 2020. "Spatial plans as relational data: Using social network analysis to assess consistency among Bucharest’s planning instruments," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    7. Jun-Hyun Kim & Wei Li & Galen Newman & Sung-Ho Kil & Sun Young Park, 2018. "The influence of urban landscape spatial patterns on single-family housing prices," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 45(1), pages 26-43, January.
    8. Qiao Hu & Zhenghong Tang & Martha Shulski & Natalie Umphlett & Tarik Abdel-Monem & Frank E. Uhlarik, 2018. "An examination of midwestern US cities’ preparedness for climate change and extreme hazards," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(2), pages 777-800, November.
    9. Aparna Kumari & Tim G. Frazier, 2021. "Evaluating social capital in emergency and disaster management and hazards plans," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(1), pages 949-973, October.
    10. Galen Newman & Garett T. Sansom & Siyu Yu & Katie R. Kirsch & Dongying Li & Youjung Kim & Jennifer A. Horney & Gunwoo Kim & Saima Musharrat, 2022. "A Framework for Evaluating the Effects of Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Pollutant Transferal and Flood Events in Sunnyside, Houston, TX," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, April.
    11. Rebecca Lewis & Robert Parker, 2021. "Exurban growth inside the urban growth boundary? An examination of development in Oregon cities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 885-908, June.
    12. Malecha, Matthew L. & Brand, A.D. & Berke, Philip R., 2018. "Spatially evaluating a network of plans and flood vulnerability using a Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard: A case study in Feijenoord District, Rotterdam, the Netherlands," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 147-157.
    13. Christine Quattro & Thomas Daniels, 2022. "The Constellation of Plans: Toward a New Structure of Comprehensive Plans in US Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-16, October.
    14. Robert, Samuel & Schleyer-Lindenmann, Alexandra, 2021. "How ready are we to cope with climate change? Extent of adaptation to sea level rise and coastal risks in local planning documents of southern France," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
    15. Seongbeom Park & Jaekyung Lee & Yunmi Park, 2022. "Analysis of Residential Satisfaction Changes by the Land Bank Program Using Text Mining," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-18, September.
    16. Kristina Hill, 2016. "Climate Change: Implications for the Assumptions, Goals and Methods of Urban Environmental Planning," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 1(4), pages 103-113.
    17. Comes, Tina & Meesters, Kenny & Nespeca, Vittorio & E.a., [No Value], 2017. "Hurricane Harvey Report : A Fact-Finding Effort in the Direct Aftermath of Hurricane Harvey in the Greater Houston Region," Other publications TiSEM 6f108c5f-b0f8-447f-835a-7, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    18. Dmowska Anna, 2019. "Dasymetric Modelling of Population Distribution – Large Data Approach," Quaestiones Geographicae, Sciendo, vol. 38(1), pages 15-27, March.
    19. Qingchun Li & Shangjia Dong & Ali Mostafavi, 2019. "Modeling of inter-organizational coordination dynamics in resilience planning of infrastructure systems: A multilayer network simulation framework," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(11), pages 1-21, November.
    20. Rifat, Shaikh Abdullah Al & Liu, Weibo, 2022. "Predicting future urban growth scenarios and potential urban flood exposure using Artificial Neural Network-Markov Chain model in Miami Metropolitan Area," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    21. Qingchun Li & Bryce Hannibal & Ali Mostafavi & Philip Berke & Sierra Woodruff & Arnold Vedlitz, 2020. "Examining of the actor collaboration networks around hazard mitigation: a hurricane harvey study," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(3), pages 3541-3562, September.
    22. Jinglu Song & Bo Huang & Rongrong Li & Rishikesh Pandey, 2020. "Construction of the Scale-Specific Resilience Index to Facilitate Multiscale Decision Making in Disaster Management: A Case Study of the 2015 Nepal Earthquake," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 148(1), pages 189-223, February.
    23. Guo, Ziyi & Wang, Yan, 2023. "Benchmarking Plans for Community-based Small Business Resilience across Gulf Coast Counties," SocArXiv 675ty, Center for Open Science.
    24. Jaekyung Lee & Saheum Hong & Yunmi Park, 2017. "Predictable Surprise: The Spatial and Social Morphology of Aging Suburbs in the U.S. Metropolitan Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-20, March.

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