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Dimensions of Proximity and Knowledge Bases: Innovation between Spatial and Non-spatial Factors

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  • Jannika Mattes

Abstract

Mattes J. Dimensions of proximity and knowledge bases: innovation between spatial and non-spatial factors, Regional Studies . Innovations face the challenge of integrating knowledge from heterogeneous sources by establishing an appropriate level of proximity. Proximity is thereby not a purely spatial phenomenon, but also includes organizational, institutional, social and cognitive dimensions. Geographical and social proximity are thereby auxiliary factors, whereas organizational, institutional and cognitive proximity act as critical enablers for learning. These dimensions can be connected to synthetic, analytical and symbolic knowledge bases. They thereby trigger a dynamic trade-off between various forms of proximity, whereby the proximity form varies depending on the underlying knowledge base. Hence, innovation is a complex combination of spatial and non-spatial factors. Mattes J. 空间毗邻性所涉及的层面及知识基础:基于空间与非空间因素的创新,区域研究。创 新试图通过构建特定层面的空间毗邻性来应对整合异质性知识这一挑战。毗邻性因此 不仅限于单纯的空间现象,同时还涉及到组织、制度、社会以及认知等多层面要素。 在学习过程的形成中,地理以及社会毗邻性成为辅助要素,而组织、制度以及认知毗 邻性发挥了关键性作用。上述各层面与综合性、分析性以及象征性的知识基础相关联 ,引发了基于不同知识基础的多种形式的毗邻性之间多样化的相互权衡过程。因此, 创新是一个复杂的空间与非空间要素的综合体。 毗邻性 知识基础 学习 学习区域 地理毗邻性 Mattes J. Les dimensions des bases de proximit� et de connaissance: l'innovation entre des facteurs g�ographiques et non-g�ographiques, Regional Studies . Les innovations font face au d�fi de l'int�gration de la connaissance provenant des sources h�t�rogènes en �tablissant un niveau de proximit� appropri�. Il s'ensuit, alors, que la proximit� n'est pas un ph�nomène purement g�ographique mais comprend �galement des dimensions organisationnelle, institutionnelle, sociale et cognitive. Les proximit�s g�ographique et sociale sont, donc, des facteurs auxiliaires, tandis que les proximit�s organisationnelle, institutionnelle et cognitive constituent des facteurs cl�s qui favorisent la connaissance. On peut lier ces dimensions à des bases de connaissance synth�tique, analytique et symbolique. De cette façon, elles d�clenchent un compromis dynamique entre divers types de proximit� selon lesquels la proximit� varie en fonction de la base de connaissance sous-jacente. Donc, l'innovation s'avère une combinaison complexe de facteurs g�ographiques et non-g�ographiques. Proximit� Base de connaissance Apprentissage R�gions d'apprentissage Proximit� g�ographique Mattes J. Dimensionen von Nähe und Wissensbasen. Innovation zwischen räumlichen und nicht-räumlichen Faktoren, Regional Studies . Bei Innovationen ergibt sich das Problem, dass Wissen aus heterogenen Quellen durch Festlegung eines angemessenen Maßes an Nähe integriert werden muss. Nähe ist somit kein rein räumliches Phänomen, sondern umfasst auch organisationelle, institutionelle, soziale und kognitive Dimensionen. Geografische und soziale Nähe sind hierbei Hilfsfaktoren, während die organisationelle, institutionelle und kognitive Nähe als zentrale Faktoren zur Ermöglichung von Lernen wirken. Diese Dimensionen lassen sich mit synthetischen, analytischen und symbolischen Wissensbasen verknüpfen. Auf diese Weise lösen sie einen dynamischen Ausgleich zwischen verschiedenen Formen der Nähe aus, bei dem die Form der Nähe je nach der zugrundeliegenden Wissensbasis unterschiedlich ausfällt. Innovation ist also eine komplexe Kombination aus räumlichen und nicht-räumlichen Faktoren. Nähe Wissensbasis Lernen Lernregionen Geo grafische Nähe Mattes J. Dimensiones de proximidad y de las bases de conocimiento: innovación entre factores espaciales y no espaciales, Regional Studies . En el campo de las innovaciones surge el problema de integrar el conocimiento de fuentes heterog�neas estableciendo un nivel apropiado de proximidad. La proximidad no es, por tanto, un fenómeno puramente espacial sino que tambi�n incluye dimensiones organizativas, institucionales, sociales y cognitivas. Por consiguiente, las proximidades geográfica y social son factores auxiliares, mientras que las proximidades organizativa, institucional y cognitiva actúan como activadores fundamentales del aprendizaje. Estas dimensiones pueden conectarse a bases de conocimiento sint�tico, anal�tico y simbólico. En este sentido activan un intercambio dinámico entre las diferentes formas de proximidad de modo que la forma de proximidad var�a en función de la base de conocimiento subyacente. Por ende, la innovación es una combinación compleja de factores espaciales y no espaciales. Proximidad Base de conocimiento Aprendizaje Regiones de aprendizaje Proximidad geográfica

Suggested Citation

  • Jannika Mattes, 2012. "Dimensions of Proximity and Knowledge Bases: Innovation between Spatial and Non-spatial Factors," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(8), pages 1085-1099, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:46:y:2012:i:8:p:1085-1099
    DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2011.552493
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    4. Elisa Giuliani, 2008. "What drives innovative output in emerging clusters? Evidence from the wine industry," SPRU Working Paper Series 169, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
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