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Selective In-migration and Income Convergence and Divergence across Belgian Municipalities

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  • Ludo Peeters

Abstract

Peeters L. Selective in-migration and income convergence and divergence across Belgian municipalities, Regional Studies. The paper studies the relationship between migration and the spatial distribution of per-capita taxable incomes, using cross-sectional data from the municipalities of the Belgian province of Limburg. Based on a 'non-standard' β-convergence model, it tests the hypothesis of selective income migration. The growth regression is estimated using the method of generalized maximum entropy, which allows the study to separate out observed and unobserved heterogeneity in convergence rates. While the paper finds an average β-convergence rate of 4.2% per annum, the implied heterogeneity is consistent with σ-divergence of per-capita income levels across municipalities. The evidence indicates that (initially) high-income, amenity-rich municipalities, as well as their immediate neighbours, gained the most from selective in-migration. [image omitted] Peeters L. Les entrees selectives et la convergence et la divergencedes revenus a travers les municipalites belges, Regional Studies. A partir des echantillons aupres des municipalites de la province de Limburg en Belgique, on cherche a etudier le rapport entre la migration et la distribution geographique des revenus imposables par tete. Employant un modele de convergence-ss non standard, on teste l'hypothese sur la migration selective des revenus. On estime une regression de croissance par la methode de l'Entropie Maximale Generalisee, qui permet la separation de l'heterogeneite observable et inobservable des taux de convergence. Alors que le taux de convergence-ss moyen se chiffre a 4.2% par an, l'heterogeneite implicite est en accord avec la divergence-σ des niveaux de revenu par tete a travers les municipalites. Les resultats laissent voir que les municipalites qui sont (dans un premier temps) riches en equipements et a revenu fort, aussi bien que leurs voisins immediats, ont profite le plus des entrees selectives. Revenus imposables Migration des revenus Equipements Heterogeneite Convergence absolue faible Entropie maximale generalisee Peeters L. Selektive Einwanderung und Einkommenskonvergenz bzw. -divergenz in verschiedenen belgischen Gemeinden, Regional Studies. Wir untersuchen die Beziehung zwischen der Migration und der raumlichen Verteilung des versteuerbaren Pro-Kopf-Einkommens anhand von Querschnittsdaten aus den Gemeinden der belgischen Provinz Limburg. Anhand eines ,Nichtstandard'-β-Konvergenzmodells uberprufen wir die Hypothese einer selektiven Einkommensmigration. Die Wachstumsregression wird mit Hilfe der Methode der generalisierten maximalen Entropie geschatzt, was eine Unterscheidung zwischen der beobachteten und nicht beobachteten Heterogenitat bei den Konvergenzraten erlaubt. Wir stellen eine durchschnittliche β-Konvergenzrate von 4,2% pro Jahr fest, wahrend die implizierte Heterogenitat mit der σ-Divergenz des Pro-Kopf-Einkommensniveaus in den verschiedenen Gemeinden konsistent ist. Unsere Belege lassen darauf schliessen, dass Gemeinden mit (zu Beginn) hohem Einkommen und einem hohen Anteil an Einrichtungen ebenso wie ihre unmittelbaren Nachbarn am starksten von einer selektiven Einwanderung profitieren. Versteuerbare Einkommen Einkommensmigration Einrichtungen Heterogenitat Schwache absolute Konvergenz Generalisierte maximale Entropie Peeters L. La inmigracion selectiva y la convergencia y divergencia de ingresos entre municipios belgas, Regional Studies. Con ayuda de datos transversales de municipios de la provincia belga de Limburgo, aqui estudiamos la relacion entre la migracion y la distribucion espacial de los ingresos imponibles per capita. Basandonos en un modelo no estandar de convergencia β, comprobamos la hipotesis de la migracion selectiva de ingresos. Calculamos el retroceso del crecimiento mediante el metodo de maxima entropia generalizada que nos permite separar la heterogeneidad observada y no observada en las tasas de convergencia. Si bien observamos una tasa de convergencia β media del 4.2% al ano, la heterogeneidad implicada es uniforme con la divergencia σ de los niveles de ingresos per capita entre los distintos municipios. Nuestros ejemplos indican que los municipios con ingresos altos (inicialmente) y con muchos servicios, al igual que sus vecinos inmediatos, obtuvieron lo mejor de la inmigracion selectiva. Ingresos imponibles Migracion de ingresos Servicios Heterogeneidad Convergencia absoluta debil Maxima entropia generalizada

Suggested Citation

  • Ludo Peeters, 2008. "Selective In-migration and Income Convergence and Divergence across Belgian Municipalities," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(7), pages 905-921.
  • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:42:y:2008:i:7:p:905-921
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400701541839
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fabio Canova, 2004. "Testing for Convergence Clubs in Income Per Capita: A Predictive Density Approach," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 45(1), pages 49-77, February.
    2. Golan, Amos & Judge, George G. & Miller, Douglas, 1996. "Maximum Entropy Econometrics," Staff General Research Papers Archive 1488, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    3. Fabio Canova & Albert Marcet, 1995. "The poor stay poor: Non-convergence across countries and regions," Economics Working Papers 137, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, revised Jun 1999.
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    1. Djula Borozan, 2017. "Internal Migration, Regional Economic Convergence, and Growth in Croatia," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(2), pages 141-163, March.
    2. Gregory Brock, 2020. "The real Oaxaca decomposition: convergence within Mexico’s Oaxaca region in the twenty-first century—Do types of crime and religious belief matter?," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 53(4), pages 543-569, November.
    3. Elena Vakulenko, 2016. "Does migration lead to regional convergence in Russia?," International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 1-25.
    4. Dennis Coates & T. H. Gindling, 2013. "Is Hispanic Population Dispersion Into Rural Counties Contributing To Local Economic Growth?," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 31(4), pages 649-668, October.
    5. Alexiadis, Stilianos & Eleftheriou, Konstantinos, 2010. "The Morphology of Income Convergence in US States: New Evidence using an Error-Correction-Model," MPRA Paper 20096, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ceren Ozgen & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2010. "The effect of migration on income growth and convergence: Meta‐analytic evidence," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(3), pages 537-561, August.
    7. Buch, Tanja & Hamann, Silke & Meier, Henning & Niebuhr, Annekatrin & Peters, Cornelius & Puckelwald, Johannes, 2011. "Analyse der Berücksichtigung eines Wanderungsindikators im Rahmen der Abgrenzung des GRW-Fördergebiets : Gutachten für die Gemeinschaftsaufgabe "Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur&qu," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201104, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    8. Ceren Ozgen & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2009. "The Effect of Migration on Income Convergence: Meta-Analytic Evidence," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-022/3, Tinbergen Institute.

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