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Is Migration Important for Regional Convergence? Comparative Evidence for Norwegian and Swedish Counties, 1980-2000

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  • Stein Østbye
  • Olle Westerlund

Abstract

Østbye S. and Westerlund O. (2007) Is migration important for regional convergence? Comparative evidence for Norwegian and Swedish counties, 1980-2000 Regional Studies 41, 901-915. Regional convergence studies have relied on net migration data when assessing the impact of migration. With heterogeneous labour, the implied symmetrical treatment of immigration and emigration cannot be justified a priori. Because of heterogeneity among migrants, gross migration flows may lead to considerable interregional redistribution of human capital even when net migration is zero. Moreover, the effects of regional economic conditions on gross in- and out-migration flows may not be symmetric. In this comparative study of regional growth and migration, the net and the gross migration approaches are compared. The results confirm ex post that the net approach cannot be justified and, despite Sweden and Norway being similar in many ways, migration has very different effects on convergence in these two countries. Østbye S. et Westerlund O. (2007) La migration, importe-t-elle a la convergence regionale? Des preuves comparees aupres des comtes norvegiens et suedois, Regional Studies 41, 901-915. Afin d'evaluer l'impact de la migration, les etudes de la convergence regionale ont mis l'accent sur les donnees a propos du solde migratoire. Etant donne l'heterogeneite de la main-d'oeuvre, on ne peut pas aborder a priori la migration, que ce soit positive ou negative, de facon symmetrique a juste titre, ce qui est implique. A cause de l'heterogeneite des migrants, les flux migratoires bruts pourraient entrainer une importante redistribution interregionale du capital humain, meme au moment ou le solde migratoire est zero. Qui plus est, les effets des conditions economiques regionales sur les flux migratoires bruts, qu'ils soient positifs ou negatifs, ne pourraient pas s'averer symetriques. Cette etude comparative de la croissance regionale et de la migration cherche a comparer des facons portant sur la migration nette et la migration brute. Les resultats confirment ex post que l'on ne peut pas justifier la facon portant sur la migration nette et, en depit des ressemblances de la Suede et de la Norvege, les effets de la convergence dans ces deux pays s'avere bien different. Croissance regionale; Migration regionale; Convergence; Etude comparative; Pays nordiques Østbye S. und Westerlund O. (2007) Ist Migration wichtig fur regionale Konvergenz? Komparative Belege fur Bezirke in Norwegen und Schweden, 1980-2000, Regional Studies 41, 901-915. In regionalen Konvergenzstudien wurden zur Bewertung der Auswirkungen von Migration bisher Nettomigrationsdaten herangezogen. Bei einer heterogenen Arbeiterschaft lasst sich die implizite symmetrische Behandlung von Immigration und Emigration nicht a priori rechtfertigen. Aufgrund der Heterogenitat der Migranten konnen Bruttomigrationsstrome zu einer betrachtlichen interregionalen Umverteilung des Humankapitals fuhren, selbst wenn die Nettomigration bei Null liegt. Daruber hinaus fallen die Auswirkungen der regionalen Wirtschaftsbedingungen auf die Bruttomigrationsstrome nach innen und aussen nicht unbedingt symmetrisch aus. In dieser komparativen Studie des regionalen Wachstums und der Migration wird der Nettoansatz der Migration mit dem Bruttoansatz verglichen. Die Ergebnisse bestatigen ex post, dass sich der Nettoansatz nicht rechtfertigen lasst; obwohl sich Schweden und Norwegen in vielerlei Hinsicht ahneln, hat sich die Migration in diesen beiden Landern ausserst unterschiedlich auf die Konvergenz ausgewirkt. Regionales Wachstum; Regionale Migration; Konvergenz; Komparative Studie; Nordische Staaten Østbye S. y Westerlund O. (2007) ¿Es importante la migracion para la convergencia regional? Ejemplo comparativo entre comarcas de Noruega y Suecia, 1980-2000, Regional Studies 41, 901-915. En los estudios sobre convergencia regional se han empleado datos sobre migracion neta para evaluar las repercusiones de la migracion. Con el trabajo heterogeneo no puede justificarse a priori el tratamiento simetrico implicado de la inmigracion y la emigracion. Debido a la heterogeneidad entre emigrantes, los flujos brutos de migracion pueden llevar a una considerable redistribucion interregional del capital humano incluso cuando la migracion neta sea cero. Ademas, los efectos de las condiciones economicas a nivel regional en los flujos brutos de la inmigracion y la emigracion podrian no ser simetricos. En este estudio comparativo de crecimiento regional y migracion, cotejamos los planteamientos de la migracion neta y bruta. Los resultados confirman a posteriori que el enfoque neto no puede justificarse y que, pese a que Suecia y Noruega presentan una situacion similar en muchos aspectos, la migracion tiene efectos muy diferentes en la convergencia en estos dos paises. Crecimiento regional; Migracion regional; Convergencia; Estudio comparativo; Paises nordicos

Suggested Citation

  • Stein Østbye & Olle Westerlund, 2007. "Is Migration Important for Regional Convergence? Comparative Evidence for Norwegian and Swedish Counties, 1980-2000," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(7), pages 901-915.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:41:y:2007:i:7:p:901-915
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400601142761
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    1. Stephen Bond & Anke Hoeffler, 2001. "GMM Estimation of Empirical Growth Models," Economics Series Working Papers 2001-W21, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
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    1. Peter Huber & Gabriele Tondl, 2012. "Migration and regional convergence in the European Union," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 39(4), pages 439-460, November.
    2. Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp & Masood Gheasi, 2018. "Fortunado’s, Desperado’s and Clandestino’s in Diaspora Labour Markets: The Circular ‘Homo Mobilis’," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Roger R. Stough & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp & Uwe Blien (ed.), Modelling Aging and Migration Effects on Spatial Labor Markets, chapter 0, pages 31-50, Springer.
    3. Tatiane Menezes & R. Silveira-Neto & Carlos Azzoni, 2012. "Demography and evolution of regional inequality," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 49(3), pages 643-655, December.
    4. Konstantinos Pouliakas & Deborah Roberts & Eudokia Balamou & Dimitris Psaltopoulos, 2014. "Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and Wage Distribution: A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Analysis of Three European Union Regions," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(2), pages 318-338, February.
    5. Peter Berck & Sofia Tano & Olle Westerlund, 2016. "Regional Sorting of Human Capital: The Choice of Location among Young Adults in Sweden," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(5), pages 757-770, May.
    6. Claudio Berardino & Dario D’Ingiullo & Donatella Furia & Alfredo Cartone, 2021. "Immigration diversity and regional economic growth," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 38(3), pages 863-886, October.
    7. Ugo Fratesi, 2014. "Editorial: The Mobility of High-Skilled Workers - Causes and Consequences," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(10), pages 1587-1591, October.
    8. Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz, 2009. "Does migration lead to economic convergence in an enlarged European market?," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 40(4), pages 71-87.
    9. Jørn Rattsø & Hildegunn E. Stokke, 2011. "Accumulation of education and regional income growth: Limited human capital effects in Norway," Working Paper Series 11211, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
    10. Alexander Kubis & Lutz Schneider, 2016. "Regional Migration, Growth and Convergence – A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of Germany," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(11), pages 1789-1803, November.
    11. Luisa Alamá & Emili Tortosa-Ausina, 2012. "Bank Branch Geographic Location Patterns in S pain: Some Implications for Financial Exclusion," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 505-543, September.
    12. Annekatrin Niebuhr & Nadia Granato & Anette Haas & Silke Hamann, 2012. "Does Labour Mobility Reduce Disparities between Regional Labour Markets in Germany?," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(7), pages 841-858, September.
    13. Hildegunn Stokke & Jörn Rattsö, 2011. "Income convergence, migration and geography: Distribution analysis of regions in Norway," ERSA conference papers ersa10p174, European Regional Science Association.
    14. Cristian Incaltarau & Gabriela Carmen Pascariu & Adelaide Duarte & Peter Nijkamp, 2021. "Migration, regional growth and convergence: a spatial econometric study on Romania," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 66(3), pages 497-532, June.
    15. Djula Borozan, 2017. "Internal Migration, Regional Economic Convergence, and Growth in Croatia," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 40(2), pages 141-163, March.
    16. Eliasson, Kent & Haapanen, Mika & Westerlund, Olle, 2019. "Regional concentration of university graduates: The role of high school grades and parental background," Umeå Economic Studies 966, Umeå University, Department of Economics.
    17. Ceren Ozgen & Peter Nijkamp & Jacques Poot, 2009. "The Effect of Migration on Income Convergence: Meta-Analytic Evidence," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-022/3, Tinbergen Institute.
    18. Elena Vakulenko, 2016. "Does migration lead to regional convergence in Russia?," International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 9(1), pages 1-25.
    19. Richard Henry Rijnks & Sierdjan Koster & Philip McCann, 2018. "Spatial Heterogeneity in Amenity and Labor Market Migration," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 41(2), pages 183-209, March.
    20. Kubis, Alexander & Schneider, Lutz, 2012. "Human Capital Mobility and Convergence – A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of the German Regions," IWH Discussion Papers 9/2012, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    21. Johan Lundberg, 2017. "Does academic research affect local growth? Empirical evidence based on Swedish data," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(4), pages 586-601, April.
    22. Daniela Bunea, 2012. "Is Internal Migration Relevant to Regional Convergence? Comparative Analysis Across Five European Countries," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 6(2), pages 53-72, DECEMBER.
    23. J�rn Ratts� & Hildegunn E. Stokke, 2014. "Population Divergence and Income Convergence: Regional Distribution Dynamics for Norway," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(11), pages 1884-1895, November.
    24. Nadia Granato & Anette Haas & Silke Hamann & Annekatrin Niebuhr, 2015. "The Impact Of Skill‐Specific Migration On Regional Unemployment Disparities In Germany," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(4), pages 513-539, September.
    25. Jørn Rattsø & Hildegunn E. Stokke, 2011. "Migration and dynamic agglomeration economies: Regional income growth in Norway," Working Paper Series 11111, Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

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