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Regional Unemployment Disparities in Australia

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  • Robert Dixon
  • David Shepherd
  • James Thomson

Abstract

In this paper we examine the nature of disparities in regional (state) unemployment rates in Australia over the period 1978-99 and their relationship to the national unemployment rate. Using co-integration analysis, we find that there is a negative relationship between the two implying that, as the national unemployment rate falls, micro and/or differentiated labour market policies need to bite harder (and affect proportionately more people) if equity in unemployment across regions is to be maintained. We also find that the trade-off between dispersion and unemployment has become steeper in the period following significant deregulation of the Australian economy in the early 1980s. It would appear likely that this reflects an increase in differences in the natural rate of unemployment between the regions since that time. Cet article cherche a examiner l'essentiel des ecarts entre les taux de chomage regional en Australie (a savoir au niveau des etats) de 1978 a 1999 et son rapport au taux de chomage moyen. A partir d'une analyse cointegree, il s'avere que les deux variables ne sont pas en correlation etroite, ce qui laisse supposer qu'il va falloir des politiques en faveur de l'emploi, soit microeconomiques, soit differenciees, qui se font plus sentir (et touchent proportionnellement plus de gens) au fur et a mesure que le taux de chomage baisse pour assurer la perequation du chomage regional. Il s'avere aussi un compromis plus fort entre la dispersion et le chomage au cours des annees qui suivent l'importante dereglementation de l'economie australienne dans les annees 1980. Il est probable que les ecarts entre les taux de chomage regional naturel se creusent acette epoque. Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht die Natur der Disparitaten der Erwerbslosigkeitsraten der einzelnen Staaten Australiens im Zeitraum 1978-1999 sowie deren Beziehung zur Erwerbslosigkeit Gesamtaustraliens. Mit Hilfe der Ko-integrationsanalyse wird festgestellt, dass die Beziehung zwischen den beiden negativ ist. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass bei Abnahme der gesamtstaatlichen Erwerbslosenrate mikro-und/oder unterschiedliche Arbeitsmarkttaktiken verscharft werden (und verhaltnismassig mehr Personen betreffen) mussen, wenn in den Regionen allgemeine Fairness in Erwerbslosigkeit erhalten bleiben soll. Daruberhinaus wird festgestellt, dass die Einbussen, die bei Streuung oder Erwerbslosigkeit auftreten, sich in dem Zeitraum nach der Einfuhrung betrachtlicher Wettbewerbsfreiheit in Australien zu Beginn der achtziger Jahre verscharft haben. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass dies seitdem in einer Zunahme der Unterschiede der naturlichen Erwerbslosenrate zwischen den einzelnen Regionen reflektiert wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Dixon & David Shepherd & James Thomson, 2001. "Regional Unemployment Disparities in Australia," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(2), pages 93-102.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:regstd:v:35:y:2001:i:2:p:93-102
    DOI: 10.1080/00343400120033089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Luca Salvati, 2016. "The Dark Side of the Crisis: Disparities in per Capita income (2000–12) and the Urban-Rural Gradient in Greece," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 107(5), pages 628-641, December.
    3. Robert Dixon & David Shepherd, 2013. "Regional Dimensions of the Australian Business Cycle," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(2), pages 264-281, February.
    4. Bande, Roberto & Fernández, Melchor & Montuenga, Víctor, 2008. "Regional unemployment in Spain: Disparities, business cycle and wage setting," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 885-914, October.
    5. A.M. Dockery & Elizabeth Webster, 2002. "Long-Term Unemployment and Work Deprived individuals: issues and Policies," Australian Journal of Labour Economics (AJLE), Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin Business School, vol. 5(2), pages 175-193, June.
    6. Taylor, Andrew & Shepherd, David & Duncan, Stephen, 2005. "The structure of the Australian growth process: A Bayesian model selection view of Markov switching," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 628-645, July.
    7. Burke, Paul J. & Best, Rohan & Jotzo, Frank, 2019. "Closures of coal-fired power stations in Australia: local unemployment effects," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 63(1), January.
    8. Shu-hen Chiang, 2009. "The effects of regional diversity on national unemployment through inter-regional migration: new evidence from Taiwan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(19), pages 2505-2511.
    9. N. Groenewold & A.J. Hagger, 2008. "Regional Unemployment Disparities: An Evaluation Of Policy Measures," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(4), pages 355-375, December.
    10. Vespignani, Joaquin & Yanotti, Maria, 2020. "COVID-19 and Tasmanian youth unemployment: a policy recommendation," Working Papers 2020-07, University of Tasmania, Tasmanian School of Business and Economics.
    11. Shu‐hen Chiang, 2012. "The sources of metropolitan unemployment fluctuations in the Greater Taipei metropolitan area," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 91(4), pages 775-793, November.
    12. Marukawa, Tomoo, 2017. "Regional unemployment disparities in China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 203-214.
    13. Ruth F.G. Williams & D.P. Doessel & Jerneja Sveticic, 2012. "Are there Regional Disparities in Suicide Rates? Quantifying Suicide Rates? Quantifying Suicide Distributions for Queensland, 1990-2007," Working Papers 2012.02, School of Economics, La Trobe University.
    14. Efstathios Grigoriadis & Luca Salvati, 2015. "Recession In Action: Exploring The Spatial Divergence Of Percapita Income In Greece," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 9(2), pages 68-83, DECEMBER.

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