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Merger and Acquisition Activity as Driver of Spatial Clustering: The Spatial Evolution of the Dutch Banking Industry, 1850–1993

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  • Ron Boschma
  • Matté Hartog

Abstract

This article investigates the extent to which merger and acquisition (M&A) activity contributed to the spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry in Amsterdam. This analysis is based on a unique database of all banks in the Netherlands that existed in the period 1850–1993. We found that spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry was not driven by the fact that banks performed better in the Amsterdam region: being located in Amsterdam decreased rather than increased the survival chances of banks. However, banks in Amsterdam were disproportionally active in acquiring other banks outside Amsterdam. Experience in M&As accumulated mainly in the Amsterdam region, which in turn had a positive impact on the survival chances of banks located there. Our findings suggest that M&A activity was a driving force behind the spatial clustering of the Dutch banking industry between 1850 and 1993.

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  • Ron Boschma & Matté Hartog, 2014. "Merger and Acquisition Activity as Driver of Spatial Clustering: The Spatial Evolution of the Dutch Banking Industry, 1850–1993," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 90(3), pages 247-266, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:recgxx:v:90:y:2014:i:3:p:247-266
    DOI: 10.1111/ecge.12054
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    2. Neill Marshall & Stuart Dawley & Andy Pike & Jane Pollard & Mike Coombes, 2019. "An evolutionary perspective on the British banking crisis," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(5), pages 1143-1167.
    3. Hervas Oliver,Jose Luis & Gonzalez,Gregorio & Caja,Pedro, 2014. "Clusters and industrial districts: where is the literature going? Identifying emerging sub-fields of research," INGENIO (CSIC-UPV) Working Paper Series 201409, INGENIO (CSIC-UPV).
    4. Jiawei Wu & Yehua Dennis Wei & Wen Chen, 2020. "Spatial proximity, localized assets, and the changing geography of domestic mergers and acquisitions in transitional China," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(3), pages 954-976, September.
    5. Guo, Yue & Yang, Yu & Wang, Chang, 2021. "Global energy networks: Geographies of mergers and acquisitions of worldwide oil companies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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