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Myopic loss aversion, reference point, and money illusion

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  • Xue Dong He
  • Xun Yu Zhou

Abstract

We use the portfolio selection model presented in He and Zhou [ Manage. Sci. , 2011, 57 , 315-331] and the NYSE equity and US treasury bond returns for the period 1926-1990 to revisit Benartzi and Thaler's myopic loss aversion theory. Through an extensive empirical study, we find that in addition to the agent's loss aversion and evaluation period, his reference point also has a significant effect on optimal asset allocation. We demonstrate that the agent's optimal allocation to equities is consistent with market observation when he has reasonable values of degree of loss aversion, evaluation period and reference point. We also find that the optimal allocation to equities is sensitive to these parameters. We then examine the implications of money illusion for asset allocation. Finally, we extend the model to a dynamic setting.

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  • Xue Dong He & Xun Yu Zhou, 2014. "Myopic loss aversion, reference point, and money illusion," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(9), pages 1541-1554, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:quantf:v:14:y:2014:i:9:p:1541-1554
    DOI: 10.1080/14697688.2014.917805
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Shuoqing Deng & Xun Li & Huyên Pham & Xiang Yu, 2022. "Optimal consumption with reference to past spending maximum," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 217-266, April.
    2. Umara Noreen & Attayah Shafique & Usman Ayub & Syed Kashif Saeed, 2022. "Does the Adaptive Market Hypothesis Reconcile the Behavioral Finance and the Efficient Market Hypothesis?," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-14, August.
    3. Moris S. Strub & Duan Li, 2020. "Failing to Foresee the Updating of the Reference Point Leads to Time-Inconsistent Investment," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 68(1), pages 199-213, January.
    4. Bahman Angoshtari & Xiang Yu & Fengyi Yuan, 2024. "Optimal consumption under loss-averse multiplicative habit-formation preferences," Papers 2406.20063, arXiv.org.
    5. Xun Li & Xiang Yu & Qinyi Zhang, 2021. "Optimal consumption with loss aversion and reference to past spending maximum," Papers 2108.02648, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2024.
    6. Guo, Jing & He, Xue Dong, 2017. "Equilibrium asset pricing with Epstein-Zin and loss-averse investors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 86-108.
    7. Jing Guo & Xue Dong He, 2021. "Recursive Utility with Investment Gains and Losses: Existence, Uniqueness, and Convergence," Papers 2107.05163, arXiv.org.
    8. Thomas A. Stephens & Jean-Robert Tyran, 2016. "Money Illusion and Household Finance," Discussion Papers 16-14, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics.
    9. Zhao, Jingdong & Zhu, Hongliang & Li, Xindan, 2018. "Optimal execution with price impact under Cumulative Prospect Theory," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1228-1237.
    10. Fortin, Ines & Hlouskova, Jaroslava, 2024. "Prospect theory and asset allocation," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 214-240.
    11. Wang, Ruopeng & Wang, Jinting, 2018. "Procurement strategies with quantity-oriented reference point and loss aversion," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1-11.
    12. Shuoqing Deng & Xun Li & Huyen Pham & Xiang Yu, 2020. "Optimal Consumption with Reference to Past Spending Maximum," Papers 2006.07223, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2022.
    13. Baars, Maren & Cordes, Henning & Mohrschladt, Hannes, 2020. "How negative interest rates affect the risk-taking of individual investors: Experimental evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    14. Guo, Jing & He, Xue Dong, 2021. "A new preference model that allows for narrow framing," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    15. Yun Shi & Xiangyu Cui & Jing Yao & Duan Li, 2015. "Dynamic Trading with Reference Point Adaptation and Loss Aversion," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 63(4), pages 789-806, August.

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