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The UNCTAD and WORKPORT models of port development: evolution or revolution?

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  • A. K. C. Beresford
  • B. M. Gardner
  • S. J. Pettit
  • A. Naniopoulos
  • C. F. Wooldridge

Abstract

Around ten years have elapsed since the UNCTAD model on port development was put forward as an explanation of how ports have adapted to incorporate technological, political and operational changes. The UNCTAD Three Generation Port Model is critically examined in the light of research carried out under the WORKPORT project funded by the European Commission, 1998--1999. Evidence from the WORKPORT study shows that, rather than developing in discrete steps, ports evolve continuously, adapting to new technologies, fresh legislation, revised working practices and other influences on an as-required basis. Further, it is demonstrated that several streams of evolution can be observed simultaneously; the pace of change within each stream can vary substantially. One of the prominent features of ports is that they often have several terminals, some operating along traditional lines while others may be leading edge in terms of technology, working practices or other aspects; all of them may be equally effective. The UNCTAD model, implying ports develop in discrete steps, or generations, is therefore shown to be fundamentally flawed.

Suggested Citation

  • A. K. C. Beresford & B. M. Gardner & S. J. Pettit & A. Naniopoulos & C. F. Wooldridge, 2004. "The UNCTAD and WORKPORT models of port development: evolution or revolution?," Maritime Policy & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(2), pages 93-107, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:marpmg:v:31:y:2004:i:2:p:93-107
    DOI: 10.1080/0308883042000205061
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    Cited by:

    1. Monios, Jason & Wilmsmeier, Gordon, 2012. "Giving a direction to port regionalisation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(10), pages 1551-1561.
    2. Wilmsmeier, Gordon & Monios, Jason & Farfán, Adriana Francesca Ballén, 2021. "Port system evolution in Ecuador – Migration, location splitting or specialisation?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Srećko Krile & Nikolai Maiorov & Vladimir Fetisov, 2021. "Modernization of the Infrastructure of Marine Passenger Port Based on Synthesis of the Structure and Forecasting Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-11, March.
    4. Su-Han Woo & Stephen Pettit, 2011. "Port Performance in Changing Logistics Environments: Measurement Development and Model Testing," Chapters, in: Kevin Cullinane (ed.), International Handbook of Maritime Economics, chapter 20, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Kevin Cullinane (ed.), 2011. "International Handbook of Maritime Economics," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13163.
    6. Wilmsmeier, Gordon & Monios, Jason & Pérez-Salas, Gabriel, 2014. "Port system evolution – the case of Latin America and the Caribbean," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 208-221.
    7. Ha, Min-Ho & Yang, Zaili & Lam, Jasmine Siu Lee, 2019. "Port performance in container transport logistics: A multi-stakeholder perspective," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 25-40.
    8. Elżbieta Szaruga & Zuzanna Kłos-Adamkiewicz & Agnieszka Gozdek & Elżbieta Załoga, 2021. "Linkages between Energy Delivery and Economic Growth from the Point of View of Sustainable Development and Seaports," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-61, July.
    9. Monios, Jason & Wilmsmeier, Gordon, 2013. "The role of intermodal transport in port regionalisation," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 161-172.
    10. Lynch, J. & Mason, R.J. & Beresford, A.K.C. & Found, P.A., 2012. "An examination of the role for Business Orientation in an uncertain business environment," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 145-156.
    11. Yiran Sun & Yuqian Wang & Jingci Xie, 2022. "The co-evolution of seaports and dry ports in Shandong province in China under the Belt and Road Initiative," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-27, December.
    12. Srećko KRILE & Nikolai MAIOROV, 2021. "Infrastructure Changes Of The Sea Passenger Port Based On A Digital Transport Model," Transport Problems, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport, vol. 16(4), pages 207-216, December.
    13. Claudia DURAN & Felisa CORDOVA, 2012. "Conceptual Analysis for the Strategic and Operational Knowledge Man-agement of a Port Community," Informatica Economica, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(2), pages 35-44.

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