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Planning for environmental justice in an urban national park

Author

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  • Jason Byrne
  • Jennifer Wolch
  • Jin Zhang

Abstract

Urban national parks were designed in the 1970s to bring nature and recreational opportunities to socio-economically disadvantaged communities in the USA. Using the theoretical frame of environmental justice, this paper discusses findings of a recent survey of visitors to Los Angeles' Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area - the United States' largest urban national park. Findings show park visitors were predominantly white, affluent, and lived nearby. People of colour travelled further, were significantly less likely to be return visitors, and were less inclined to use the park for active recreation. Seemingly, this park fails to meet the needs of the disadvantaged urban communities for whom it was created, a problem that may also affect other parks in the United States and potentially parks in other countries. Park planners and managers can take practical steps to increase accessibility to this park for people of colour and low-income earners, and should monitor other parks for patterns of ethno-racially differentiated access and utilisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jason Byrne & Jennifer Wolch & Jin Zhang, 2009. "Planning for environmental justice in an urban national park," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(3), pages 365-392.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:jenpmg:v:52:y:2009:i:3:p:365-392
    DOI: 10.1080/09640560802703256
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    Cited by:

    1. Bo-Sin Tang & Kenneth KH Wong & Kenneth SS Tang & Siu Wai Wong, 2021. "Walking accessibility to neighbourhood open space in a multi-level urban environment of Hong Kong," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(5), pages 1340-1356, June.
    2. Xiang Feng & Qian Peng & Yunnan Chen & Weiyue Li, 2022. "A Case Study of the Snow Leopard in Sanjiangyuan National Park Boundaries regarding Park Boundary Divergence," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Kristen Van Hooreweghe, 2016. "Place and exclusion in New York City’s Jamaica Bay," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 6(4), pages 753-758, December.
    4. Jessica Debats Garrison, 2019. "Seeing the park for the trees: New York’s “Million Trees†campaign vs. the deep roots of environmental inequality," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 46(5), pages 914-930, June.
    5. Mahmood AKBARI, 2022. "ANALYSIS OF GREEN SPACES IN THE REGIONS OF SHIRAZ METROPOLIS, IRAN Abstract: Urban parks and green spaces are considered among the most fundamental factors of sustainability in the accelerating growth," Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 17(4), pages 52-67, November.
    6. Dadashpoor, Hashem & Sajadi, Afshin, 2024. "Principles of just urban land use planning," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    7. Duy Thinh Do & Suguru Mori & Rie Nomura, 2019. "A Comparative Study of User Behaviors on Unimproved and Improved Street Spaces in Da Nang, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Sandra Wajchman-Świtalska & Olga Grabowska-Chenczke & Marcin Woźniak, 2023. "Exploring the Patterns of Recreational Activity among Urban Green Spaces in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    9. Obinna Justice Ubani & Micheal Oloyede Alabi & Emmanuel Ndukwe Chiemelu & Andrew Okosun & Chinwe Sam-Amobi, 2023. "Influence of Spatial Accessibility and Environmental Quality on Youths’ Visit to Green Open Spaces (GOS) in Akure, Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, September.
    10. Kimberly J. Coleman & Elizabeth E. Perry & Dominik Thom & Tatiana M. Gladkikh & William S. Keeton & Peter W. Clark & Ralph E. Tursini & Kimberly F. Wallin, 2020. "The Woods around the Ivory Tower: A Systematic Review Examining the Value and Relevance of School Forests in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Adriano Bressane & Maria Eduarda Guedes Ferreira & Ana Júlia da Silva Garcia & Líliam César de Castro Medeiros, 2024. "Is Having Urban Green Space in the Neighborhood Enough to Make a Difference? Insights for Healthier City Design," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(7), pages 1-13, July.
    12. Yuliang Jiang & Yufeng Yang, 2022. "Environmental Justice in Greater Los Angeles: Impacts of Spatial and Ethnic Factors on Residents’ Socioeconomic and Health Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-26, April.
    13. Bo-Xun Huang & Wen-Ying Li & Wen-Juan Ma & Hua Xiao, 2023. "Space Accessibility and Equity of Urban Green Space," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-33, March.
    14. Catarina De Sousa Silva & Inês Viegas & Τhomas Panagopoulos & Simon Bell, 2018. "Environmental Justice in Accessibility to Green Infrastructure in Two European Cities," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, November.
    15. Efrat Eizenberg & Orly Sasson & Mor Shilon, 2019. "Urban Morphology and Qualitative Topology: Open Green Spaces in High-Rise Residential Developments," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(4), pages 73-85.
    16. Josephine Gatti Schafer & Caleb T Gallemore, 2016. "Biases in multicriteria decision analysis: The case of environmental planning in Southern Nevada," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(8), pages 1652-1675, December.
    17. Daniel R Richards & Tze Kwan Fung & Rachel A T Leong & Uma Sachidhanandam & Zuzana Drillet & Peter J Edwards, 2020. "Demographic biases in engagement with nature in a tropical Asian city," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    18. Buchel, Sophie & Frantzeskaki, Niki, 2015. "Citizens’ voice: A case study about perceived ecosystem services by urban park users in Rotterdam, the Netherlands," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 12(C), pages 169-177.
    19. Li, Zhiming & Fan, Zhengxi & Song, Yan & Chai, Yangbo, 2021. "Assessing equity in park accessibility using a travel behavior-based G2SFCA method in Nanjing, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    20. Veerkamp, Clara J. & Schipper, Aafke M. & Hedlund, Katarina & Lazarova, Tanya & Nordin, Amanda & Hanson, Helena I., 2021. "A review of studies assessing ecosystem services provided by urban green and blue infrastructure," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    21. Gillian Ramsay & Rachel Dodds & Daniela Furtado & Yana Mykhayletska & Anna Kirichenko & Mana Majedian, 2017. "The Barriers to Millennials Visiting Rouge Urban National Park," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-14, May.
    22. He, Jialin & Yi, Hongmei & Liu, Jian, 2016. "Urban green space recreational service assessment and management: A conceptual model based on the service generation process," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 59-68.

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