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Mixed Strategy Pricing Behaviour in the UK Package Tour Industry

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  • Peter Taylor

Abstract

In a market, such as that for package tours, in which products are weakly differentiated and information is fuzzy, consumers may adopt search behaviour such that effectively, they play mixed strategies in the selection of the product that they choose to purchase. Tour operators' best response to this behaviour is mixed strategy pricing. Mixed strategy pricing is likely to mean that the variances of prices will be different at different points during the season for each operator. A simple model is formulated to illustrate the sequence of moves and the behaviour of variances. Brochure data for the summer seasons of 1982 and 1995 is analysed to investigate whether variances differ at different times during the season and thus differ systematically with the level of demand. The weight of evidence generally supports the view that operators adopt mixed strategies when setting brochure prices, even if achieved unconsciously through the application of rules of thumb. Strong evidence is found of the form that one operator, at least, produced a pattern of variances that is statistically significant and that could not result from the method of analysis adopted in the paper or from an ad hoc allocation of its fixed costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Taylor, 1998. "Mixed Strategy Pricing Behaviour in the UK Package Tour Industry," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 29-46.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:ijecbs:v:5:y:1998:i:1:p:29-46
    DOI: 10.1080/13571519884558
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Peter Taylor, 1995. "Measuring Changes in the Relative Competitiveness of Package Tour Destinations," Tourism Economics, , vol. 1(2), pages 169-182, June.
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    3. White, Halbert, 1980. "A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 48(4), pages 817-838, May.
    4. Dixon, Huw, 1984. "The existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in a price-setting oligopoly with convex costs," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 16(3-4), pages 205-212.
    5. David M. Kreps & Jose A. Scheinkman, 1983. "Quantity Precommitment and Bertrand Competition Yield Cournot Outcomes," Bell Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 14(2), pages 326-337, Autumn.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jean Max Tavares & Giana de Vargas Mores & Edegar Luis Tomazzoni, 2015. "Where to Invest in Touristic Promotion? Game Theory as a Decision Instrument for the Public Sector," Tourism Economics, , vol. 21(4), pages 775-789, August.
    2. Yang, Yong, 2012. "Agglomeration density and tourism development in China: An empirical research based on dynamic panel data model," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1347-1359.
    3. Yong He & Peng He & Feifei Xu & Chunming (Victor) Shi, 2019. "Sustainable tourism modeling: Pricing decisions and evolutionarily stable strategies for competitive tour operators," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(5), pages 779-799, August.
    4. Joaquín Alegre & Maria Sard, 2006. "Tour operators' price strategie in the Balearic Islands," DEA Working Papers 19, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Departament d'Economía Aplicada.

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