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The Cost and Affordability Paradox of Transit-Oriented Development: A Comparison of Housing and Transportation Costs Across Transit-Oriented Development, Hybrid and Transit-Adjacent Development Station Typologies

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  • John L. Renne
  • Tara Tolford
  • Shima Hamidi
  • Reid Ewing

Abstract

This study presents a comparison of housing and transportation costs (H+T) in 4,399 fixed-route transit station areas across the United States. Each station area is classified as a transit-oriented development (TOD), hybrid, or transit-adjacent development (TAD) based on walkability and housing density targets. Station areas with a Walk Score of 70 or greater and a gross housing density of 8 units per acre or more are classified as TOD. Station areas that meet just one of these criteria are classified as hybrids, and those that do not meet either of these criteria are categorized as TAD. The findings reveal a paradox that whereas TOD are more expensive places to buy and rent housing, they are more affordable than hybrids and TAD because the lower cost of transportation offsets housing costs. We argue that policies to increase the density and walkability of hybrid and TAD station areas, which account for two thirds of all station areas across the United States, should be a top priority for both housing and transportation officials.

Suggested Citation

  • John L. Renne & Tara Tolford & Shima Hamidi & Reid Ewing, 2016. "The Cost and Affordability Paradox of Transit-Oriented Development: A Comparison of Housing and Transportation Costs Across Transit-Oriented Development, Hybrid and Transit-Adjacent Development Statio," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(4-5), pages 819-834, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:houspd:v:26:y:2016:i:4-5:p:819-834
    DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2016.1193038
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Dong, Hongwei, 2017. "Rail-transit-induced gentrification and the affordability paradox of TOD," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-10.
    2. Ibraeva, Anna & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Silva, Cecília & Antunes, António Pais, 2020. "Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 110-130.
    3. Yunqiang Xue & Lin Cheng & Haoran Jiang & Jun Guo & Hongzhi Guan, 2023. "The Optimization of Bus Departure Time Based on Uncertainty Theory—Taking No. 207 Bus Line of Nanchang City, China, as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Jinat Jahan & Shima Hamidi, 2019. "A National Study on Transportation Affordability of HUD Housing Assistance Programs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Baker, Dwayne Marshall & Kim, Seunghoon, 2020. "What remains? The influence of light rail transit on discretionary income," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Seunghoon Kim, 2020. "The Social Justice Impact of the Transit-Oriented Development," Societies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Haruka Kato & Atsushi Takizawa, 2021. "Which Residential Clusters of Walkability Affect Future Population from the Perspective of Real Estate Prices in the Osaka Metropolitan Area?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-20, December.
    8. Thomas W. Sanchez, 2021. "Exploring the Relationship between Combined Household Housing and Transportation Costs and Regional Economic Activity in Virginia," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-10, July.

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