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Multi-level Science Policy and Regional Innovation: The Case of the Munich Cluster for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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  • ROBERT KAISER

Abstract

Knowledge-based industries tend to develop within regional or local clusters that allow for knowledge spillovers, the generation of a critical mass of complementary competencies and skills as for spatial proximity to academic organizations out of which many highly innovative firms have been founded. The prototype of that development certainly is the biotechnology industry which has emerged since the 1970s first in the US where especially small and medium-sized research companies have been established around leading science bases. Following the example of the US biotechnology industry, public policies in many industrialized countries aimed at stimulating cluster formation in biotechnology. This holds true especially for member states of the European Union (EU) where public policy initiatives have been initiated at different territorial levels. This article refers to the Munich pharmaceutical biotechnology cluster and applies institutional and organizational indicators that have been developed in various systemic analyses of technological development and innovation. It will be shown that reforms of the institutional environment in which the innovative organizations are embedded were crucial for the commercialization of biotechnological research in Germany. These reforms have occurred mostly at the regional and national level, whereas the EU played a role especially in establishing the regulatory framework for the biotechnology industry. Organizational indicators will be applied in order to assess the modes of knowledge production within the cluster.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Kaiser, 2003. "Multi-level Science Policy and Regional Innovation: The Case of the Munich Cluster for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(7), pages 841-857, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:eurpls:v:11:y:2003:i:7:p:841-857
    DOI: 10.1080/0965431032000121373
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Tödtling, Franz & Trippl, Michaela & Gabain, Joshua von, 2006. "Clusterentwicklung und -politik im Biotechnologiesektor Wien im Kontext internationaler Erfahrungen," SRE-Discussion Papers 2006/02, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    2. O. V. Kuznetsova & R. O. Bobrovsky, 2022. "Location of the Largest Pharmaceutical Companies in Russia: Contribution to Regional Divergence or Convergence?," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 12(2), pages 124-132, June.
    3. Brenner Thomas, 2008. "Cluster dynamics and policy implications," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 52(1), pages 146-162, October.
    4. Cécile Crespy & Jean-Alain Héraud & Beth Perry, 2007. "Regierungsführung auf mehreren Ebenen, Regionen und Wissenschaft in Frankreich: zwischen Wettbewerb und Gleichheit [Multi-level governance, regions and science in France: between competition and eq," Post-Print hal-00514676, HAL.
    5. Bas Karreman & Martijn J. Burger & Fred van Eenennaam, 2019. "Revealed competition between cluster organizations: An exploratory analysis of the European life sciences sector," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(3), pages 705-723, May.
    6. Trippl, Michaela & Gabain, Joshua von & Tödtling, Franz, 2006. "Policy agents as catalysts of knowledge links in the biotechnology sector," SRE-Discussion Papers 2006/01, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    7. Su, Yu-Shan & Wu, Feng-Shang, 2015. "Regional systems of biotechnology innovation — The case of Taiwan," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 96-106.
    8. Claudia Werker, 2006. "An Assessment of the Regional Innovation Policy by the European Union based on Bibliometrical Analysis," Papers on Economics and Evolution 2006-11, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography.
    9. Philip Cooke, 2010. "Global Bioregions: Knowledge Domains, Capabilities and Innovation System Networks," Chapters, in: Riccardo Viale & Henry Etzkowitz (ed.), The Capitalization of Knowledge, chapter 5, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    10. Edward Bendit & Amnon Frenkel & Sigal Kaplan, 2011. "Knowledge-workers and the sustainable city: the travel consequences of car-related job-perks," ERSA conference papers ersa11p389, European Regional Science Association.
    11. Kaiser, Robert & Prange, Heiko, 2004. "The reconfiguration of National Innovation Systems--the example of German biotechnology," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 395-408, April.

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