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Networking and culture in entrepreneurship

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  • Kim Klyver
  • Dennis Foley

Abstract

Case studies on three diverse cultural groups are used to investigate how culture norms and practices moderate the way entrepreneurs utilize social networking. Moving away from a universalist mono-dimensional position, prior research calls for studies on how culture moderates entrepreneurial networking. Understandably, the concept of a national culture inevitably refers to the mainstream culture which fails to address the sub-culture and minority culture. This paper explores entrepreneurial networking across three cultures (one mainstream culture and two minority) allowing the researcher an insight into how culture moderates entrepreneurial networking. The empirical results reveal variform universality of entrepreneurial networking in two ways: (1) seven drivers moderate how entrepreneurial networking is practiced across cultures, and (2) being embedded in a mainstream culture rather than a minority culture moderates how entrepreneurial networking is practiced.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Klyver & Dennis Foley, 2012. "Networking and culture in entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(7-8), pages 561-588, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:entreg:v:24:y:2012:i:7-8:p:561-588
    DOI: 10.1080/08985626.2012.710257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pierre-André Julien, 2007. "A Theory of Local Entrepreneurship in the Knowledge Economy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12800.
    2. Kevin Hindle, 2010. "How community context affects entrepreneurial process: A diagnostic framework," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(7-8), pages 599-647, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ahmad Raza Bilal & Pierfelice Rosato & Raffaele Campo & Rossella Leopizzi, 2023. "Women empowerment and entrepreneurial intention: A pathway to achieve sustainable development goal (SDG‐5)," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 1389-1405, May.
    2. Skye Akbar & Rob Hallak, 2019. "Identifying Business Practices Promoting Sustainability in Aboriginal Tourism Enterprises in Remote Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Robert Lee & Eleanor Shaw, 2016. "Bourdieu’s non-material forms of capital: Implications for start-up policy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 34(8), pages 1734-1758, December.
    4. Lavlu Mozumdar & Geoffrey Hagelaar & Valentina C. Materia & S. W. F. Omta & Mohammad Amirul Islam & Gerben Velde, 2019. "Embeddedness or Over-Embeddedness? Women Entrepreneurs’ Networks and Their Influence on Business Performance," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 31(5), pages 1449-1469, December.
    5. Leanne Johnstone & Mariana Pio Monteiro & Inês Ferreira & Johanna Westerlund & Roosa Aalto & Jenni Marttinen, 2018. "Language ability and entrepreneurship education: Necessary skills for Europe’s start-ups?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 369-397, September.
    6. Kim Klyver & Benson Honig & Paul Steffens, 2018. "Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship: exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 709-734, October.
    7. Steven A. Brieger & Michael M. Gielnik, 2021. "Understanding the gender gap in immigrant entrepreneurship: a multi-country study of immigrants’ embeddedness in economic, social, and institutional contexts," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1007-1031, February.
    8. Wang, Wei & Liang, Qiaozhuan & Mahto, Raj V. & Deng, Wei & Zhang, Stephen X., 2020. "Entrepreneurial entry: The role of social media," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    9. Deepika Dixit & Anubha Shekhar Sinha, 2020. "How Institutions Influence Women Entrepreneurship?," Working papers 351, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode.
    10. Macpherson, Wayne G. & Tretiakov, Alexei & Mika, Jason P. & Felzensztein, Christian, 2021. "Indigenous entrepreneurship: Insights from Chile and New Zealand," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 77-84.
    11. Shim, Jaehu & Kim, Jiyoung, 2018. "Estimating country-level social network density and supportive surroundings by simulation," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 24-31.
    12. Badger Newman, Arielle & Alvarez, Sharon, 2022. "Questioning boundedly rational frameworks in practice: The case of women entrepreneurs in Kumasi, Ghana," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 37(4).
    13. Chenjian Zhang & Tao Wang & David Ahlstrom, 2024. "Entrepreneurs’ Networking Styles and Normative Underpinnings during Institutional Transition," Post-Print hal-04325764, HAL.

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