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The 'third tier’ of globalization

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  • Michal Lyons
  • Alison Brown
  • Zhigang Li

Abstract

In recent years, China’s major trading cities have witnessed rapid social, cultural and physical change which has accompanied the country’s boom in manufacturing and exports. A small but increasingly significant element of this growth has been the China--Africa trade in small‐scale manufactured goods. The opening of China’s economy has created new spaces for migrant entrepreneurs capturing a share of international value chains, transforming social and business relations, and reconfiguring urban space. This paper draws on a pilot study by the authors of African migrants in Guangzhou in 2007, active in the exports to the African sub‐continent. Findings challenge established models of global city growth, identifying the collective importance of individual entrepreneurs in promoting a trade which has significant impacts on African cities, while creating new interactions with identifiable, distinctive and unanticipated impacts on this dynamic host city.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Lyons & Alison Brown & Zhigang Li, 2008. "The 'third tier’ of globalization," City, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 196-206, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:cityxx:v:12:y:2008:i:2:p:196-206
    DOI: 10.1080/13604810802167036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krishna B. Kumar & John G. Matsusaka, 2004. "Village versus Market Social Capital: An Approach to Development," Development and Comp Systems 0408003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Harry G. Broadman, 2007. "Africa's Silk Road : China and India's New Economic Frontier," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7186.
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    2. Marcus H. Böhme & Sarah Kups, 2017. "The economic effects of labour immigration in developing countries: A literature review," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 335, OECD Publishing.

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