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Accountants in late 19th century Britain: a spatial, demographic and occupational profile

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  • John Edwards
  • Stephen Walker

Abstract

Recurring difficulties over defining occupational and professional boundaries in British accountancy are best understood by examining historical variations in the emergence and status of the population of accountants. The study uses census enumerators’ books for 1881 to construct a spatial, demographic and occupational profile of professional and non-professional accountants. It is shown that there were considerable geographical variations in the density of accountants. It is speculated that these variations reflected patterns in the feminisation of bookkeeping as well as socio-cultural differences in meanings of the title ‘accountant’, which were sustained by networks. Although accountants were most closely associated with commercial activity, the boundaries of the occupation remained obscure. The description ‘accountant’ embraced a multitude of employment statuses, the performance of diverse tasks and included specialist sub-occupations. Members of professional bodies comprised a small proportion of the total community of accountants in 1881. Further, there was a yawning divide between the status of professional and non-professional practitioners and there were also considerable variations in status within the chartered profession, between CAs in Scotland and England and Wales, and between the London elite and their lesser brethren in the provinces.

Suggested Citation

  • John Edwards & Stephen Walker, 2007. "Accountants in late 19th century Britain: a spatial, demographic and occupational profile," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(1), pages 63-89.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:acctbr:v:37:y:2007:i:1:p:63-89
    DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2007.9730060
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    1. Matthews, Derek & Anderson, Malcolm & Edwards, John Richard, 1998. "The Priesthood of Industry: The Rise of the Professional Accountant in British Management," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198289609.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Kelvin Leong & Anna Sung, 2024. "Gender stereotypes in artificial intelligence within the accounting profession using large language models," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Sian, S. & Verma, S., 2021. "Bridging the divide: The rise of the Indian Accountant from 1900 to 1932," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 53(2).
    4. Anderson, Malcolm & Walker, Stephen P., 2009. "‘All sorts and conditions of men’: The social origins of the founders of the ICAEW," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 31-45.

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