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Functional Data Analyses of Gait Data Measured Using In-Shoe Sensors

Author

Listed:
  • Jihui Lee

    (Weill Cornell Medicine)

  • Gen Li

    (Columbia University)

  • William F. Christensen

    (Brigham Young University)

  • Gavin Collins

    (Brigham Young University)

  • Matthew Seeley

    (Brigham Young University)

  • Anton E. Bowden

    (Brigham Young University)

  • David T. Fullwood

    (Brigham Young University)

  • Jeff Goldsmith

    (Columbia University)

Abstract

In studies of gait, continuous measurement of force exerted by the ground on a body, or ground reaction force (GRF), provides valuable insights into biomechanics, locomotion, and the possible presence of pathology. However, gold-standard measurement of GRF requires a costly in-lab observation obtained with sophisticated equipment and computer systems. Recently, in-shoe sensors have been pursued as a relatively inexpensive alternative to in-lab measurement. In this study, we explore the properties of continuous in-shoe sensor recordings using a functional data analysis approach. Our case study is based on measurements of three healthy subjects, with more than 300 stances (defined as the period between the foot striking and lifting from the ground) per subject. The sensor data show both phase and amplitude variabilities; we separate these sources via curve registration. We examine the correlation of phase shifts across sensors within a stance to evaluate the pattern of phase variability shared across sensors. Using the registered curves, we explore possible associations between in-shoe sensor recordings and GRF measurements to evaluate the in-shoe sensor recordings as a possible surrogate for in-lab GRF measurements.

Suggested Citation

  • Jihui Lee & Gen Li & William F. Christensen & Gavin Collins & Matthew Seeley & Anton E. Bowden & David T. Fullwood & Jeff Goldsmith, 2019. "Functional Data Analyses of Gait Data Measured Using In-Shoe Sensors," Statistics in Biosciences, Springer;International Chinese Statistical Association, vol. 11(2), pages 288-313, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:stabio:v:11:y:2019:i:2:d:10.1007_s12561-018-9226-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s12561-018-9226-3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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