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Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Its Dimensions and Determinants

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  • Naeem Akram

    (Economic Affairs Division)

Abstract

On the eve of the twenty-first century, due to continuing male dominance there exists widespread discrimination and gender gaps in Pakistani society which are hindering the progress of women to take an active part in development. It is common perception in development literature that countries can get considerable benefits for growth and economic development if women become more empowered. The present study while using the data of Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012–2013 tried to explore the factors that can play important role in empowering the women in Pakistan. In this regard, descriptive and correlation analysis, Logit, and Ordered Logit models have been estimated. It has been found that age, living in urban areas, education of women, participation in paid job, ownership of assets, wealth index of the household, number of sons and daughters alive and use of electronic media have positive relationships with different empowerment dimensions. However, age of household head, size of family and being relative of the husband has negative relationships with empowerment indicators. Husband’s education and use of print media have insignificant relationship with the women’s empowerment.

Suggested Citation

  • Naeem Akram, 2018. "Women’s Empowerment in Pakistan: Its Dimensions and Determinants," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 140(2), pages 755-775, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:140:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1007_s11205-017-1793-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-017-1793-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Naila Kabeer, 1999. "Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women's Empowerment," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 30(3), pages 435-464, July.
    5. Akosua K. Darkwah, 2010. "Education: Pathway to Empowerment for Ghanaian Women?," IDS Bulletin, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 41(2), pages 28-36, March.
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    Cited by:

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