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A Social Ecological Measure of Resilience for Adults: The RRC-ARM

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  • Linda Liebenberg

    (Dalhousie University)

  • Jeff Christopher Moore

    (Dublin City University)

Abstract

Despite growing understanding of resilience as a process associated with both individual capacities and physical and relational resources located in social ecologies, most instruments designed to measure resilience overemphasize individual characteristics without adequately addressing the contextual resources that support resilience processes. Additionally, most resilience studies have focused on children and youth, without significant attention to social ecological factors that promote post-risk adaptation for adults and how this is measured. Consequently, a key issue in the continued study of adult resilience is measurement instrument development. This article details adaptation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure for use with an adult population. The article draws on data from a mixed methods study exploring the resilience processes of Irish survivors of clerical institutional abuse. The sample included 105 adult survivors (aged 50–99) who completed the RRC-ARM and the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) during the first phase of the study. Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach Alpha and MANOVA were conducted on the data. EFA identified five factors; social/community inclusion, family attachment and supports, spirituality, national and cultural identity, and personal competencies. The RRC-ARM shows good internal reliability and convergent validity with the WEMWBS, with significant differences on scale scores for men and women, as well as place of residence. This exploratory adaptation supports the potential of the RRC-ARM as a measure of social ecological resilience resources for adult populations and may have particular applications with vulnerable communities. Further validation is required in other contexts and specifically with larger samples.

Suggested Citation

  • Linda Liebenberg & Jeff Christopher Moore, 2018. "A Social Ecological Measure of Resilience for Adults: The RRC-ARM," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(1), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:136:y:2018:i:1:d:10.1007_s11205-016-1523-y
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-016-1523-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rutter, Michael, 2000. "Children in substitute care: Some conceptual considerations and research implications," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(9-10), pages 685-703.
    2. Danielle Rodin & Donna E. Stewart, 2012. "Resilience in Elderly Survivors of Child Maltreatment," SAGE Open, , vol. 2(2), pages 21582440124, June.
    3. Rutter, Michael, 1999. "Social context: meanings, measures and mechanisms," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(1), pages 139-149, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Miranda R. Chilver & Justine M. Gatt, 2022. "Six-Week Online Multi-component Positive Psychology Intervention Improves Subjective Wellbeing in Young Adults," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 1267-1288, March.
    2. Waid, Jeffrey & Wojciak, Armeda Stevenson, 2019. "Evaluating the impact of camp-based reunification on the resilience of siblings separated by foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 274-282.
    3. Laura Herroudi & Iris Knuppel & Adélaïde Blavier, 2024. "Post-migration journey: Asylum, trauma and resilience, different trajectories – A comparison of the mental health and post-migration living difficulties of documented and undocumented migrants in Be," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 70(1), pages 201-208, February.
    4. Zachary J. Kunicki & Lisa L. Harlow, 2020. "Towards a Higher-Order Model of Resilience," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 151(1), pages 329-344, August.
    5. Jing Tan & Li Peng & Shili Guo, 2020. "Measuring Household Resilience in Hazard-Prone Mountain Areas: A Capacity-Based Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 152(3), pages 1153-1176, December.
    6. Wojciak, Armeda Stevenson & VanMeter, Faith & Waid, Jeffrey, 2024. "Belonging mediates changes to resilience among separated siblings at camp-based reunification intervention," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    7. Philip Jefferies & Rena Vanstone & Michael Ungar, 2022. "The Rugged Resilience Measure: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Brief Measure of Personal Resilience," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(2), pages 985-1000, April.
    8. Jorge Moya & María Goenechea, 2022. "An Approach to the Unified Conceptualization, Definition, and Characterization of Social Resilience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, May.

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