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Happy Protest Voters: The Case of Rotterdam 1997–2009

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  • Piet Ouweneel
  • Ruut Veenhoven

Abstract

Protest parties are on the rise in several European countries. This development is commonly attributed to a growing dissatisfaction with life and associated with declining quality of life in modern society of the lowest social strata. This explanation is tested in a cross-sectional analysis of voting and life-satisfaction in 63 districts of the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where the share of protest voters increased from 10 % in 1994 to 31 % in 2009. Contrary to this explanation protest voting appeared not to be the most frequent in the least happy districts of Rotterdam, but in the medium happy segment. Also divergent from this explanation was that average happiness in city districts is largely independent of local living conditions, but is rather a matter of personal vulnerability in terms of education, income and health. These results fit alternative explanations in terms of middle class status anxiety. Copyright The Author(s) 2016

Suggested Citation

  • Piet Ouweneel & Ruut Veenhoven, 2016. "Happy Protest Voters: The Case of Rotterdam 1997–2009," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 126(2), pages 739-756, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:soinre:v:126:y:2016:i:2:p:739-756
    DOI: 10.1007/s11205-015-0920-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ruut Veenhoven, 1988. "The utility of happiness," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 333-354, August.
    2. Sjoerd De Vos & Rinus Deurloo, 1999. "Right Extremist Votes and the Presence of Foreigners: An Analysis of the 1994 Elections in Amsterdam," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 90(2), pages 129-141, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martijn J. Burger & Susanna Eiselt, 2023. "Subjective Well-Being and Populist Voting in the Netherlands," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 24(7), pages 2331-2352, October.

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