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Using PCA in evaluating event-controlling attributes of landsliding in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, NW Himalayas, Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Basharat

    (University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir)

  • Abid Ali

    (University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir)

  • Ishtiaq A. K. Jadoon

    (COMSATS Institute of Information Technology)

  • Joachim Rohn

    (Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg)

Abstract

Many investigations have been conducted to understand the spatial distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides. This paper presents the event-controlling attributes of landsliding in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake event using principal component analysis (PCA) and regression analysis. The earthquake with magnitude M w 7.6 produced 2930 landslides, distributed in an area of about 3250 km2, in the northern part of Pakistan and the Kashmir region. By utilizing SPOT imageries, reconnaissance field survey and geographic information system, the landslide distribution and density were statistically analysed. Controlling factors such as distance from the epicentre, distance from faults, slope steepness, slope aspect, elevation and lithology were considered for the PCA. In order to determine the relationship between different controlling factors, correlation and regression analyses were also taken account of. The results demonstrate that the major effective factors to control the landslide distribution are distance from the earthquake source followed by the slope steepness. Using PCA, distance from the epicentre and distance from the active Muzaffarabad Fault proved to be key influential factors. There is a significant negative correlation between landslide concentration and distance from the epicentre, Muzaffarabad Fault and Main Boundary Thrust. There is a significant strong positive correlation between landslide concentration and slope steepness. The lithology, however, has no significant relationship with landslide concentration.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Basharat & Abid Ali & Ishtiaq A. K. Jadoon & Joachim Rohn, 2016. "Using PCA in evaluating event-controlling attributes of landsliding in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, NW Himalayas, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 81(3), pages 1999-2017, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:81:y:2016:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-016-2172-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2172-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. H. Wang & K. Sassa & W. Xu, 2007. "Analysis of a spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes of Niigata Prefecture, Japan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 41(1), pages 43-60, April.
    2. Muhammad Basharat & Joachim Rohn, 2015. "Effects of volume on travel distance of mass movements triggered by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, in the Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 77(1), pages 273-292, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Said Qasim & Muhammad Qasim, 2020. "An indicator based approach for assessing household’s perceptions of landslide risk in Murree hills of Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 103(2), pages 2171-2182, September.

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