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Landslide Hazard in the Nainital township, Kumaun Himalaya, India: the case of September 2014 Balia Nala landslide

Author

Listed:
  • Vikram Gupta

    (Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology)

  • Rajinder K. Bhasin

    (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute)

  • Amir M. Kaynia

    (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute)

  • Ruchika Sharma Tandon

    (National Geotechnical Facility)

  • B. Venkateshwarlu

    (National Geotechnical Facility)

Abstract

Nainital township located in the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya is known to be vulnerable to landslides since past, and it has been reported that half of the area of the township is covered with debris generated by landslide. A disastrous landslide in the Rais Hotel locality on the right side of the Balia Nala struck during September 2014 after the excessive rainfall. Geologically, the area dominantly comprises limestone with shale and slate which are highly crushed and weathered due to the presence of the Nainital Lake Fault that extends into Balia Nala as Balia Nala Fault. Ground-penetrating radar study depicts that these rocks are overlain by thin debris cover of the order of 5–10 m. The geotechnical studies confirm these rocks and the overlying soil as having very low strength. The landslide has triggered because of the excessive rainfall in the area. It has been observed that rainfall in the area has increased since 2010. An increase in more than 100 % intensity of rainfall during the monsoon from an average 33 mm per day (1995–2013) to 68 mm per day in 2014 is the main triggering factor for the initiation of landslide. The area has been continuously monitored for the last more than 3 years, as the distress in the area has been reported in the form of development of cracks. In order to prevent further sliding, immediate measures have to be taken to channelise water on both sides of the hill slopes so that the ingress of water into the slope is minimum.

Suggested Citation

  • Vikram Gupta & Rajinder K. Bhasin & Amir M. Kaynia & Ruchika Sharma Tandon & B. Venkateshwarlu, 2016. "Landslide Hazard in the Nainital township, Kumaun Himalaya, India: the case of September 2014 Balia Nala landslide," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 80(2), pages 863-877, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:80:y:2016:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-015-2002-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-2002-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vikram Gupta & M. Sah, 2008. "Impact of the Trans-Himalayan Landslide Lake Outburst Flood (LLOF) in the Satluj catchment, Himachal Pradesh, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 45(3), pages 379-390, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jaydip Dey & Saurabh Sakhre & Ritesh Vijay & Hemant Bherwani & Rakesh Kumar, 2021. "Geospatial assessment of urban sprawl and landslide susceptibility around the Nainital lake, Uttarakhand, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 3543-3561, March.
    2. Liangchen Yu & Changhong Yan & Shulan Guo & Hui Li & Jinzhong Tan & Gang Liu & Chenghua Xu & Yang Liu, 2023. "Mechanism analysis of Zulongding landslide on gentle piedmont slope: a creeping landslide triggered by rainfall," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(2), pages 1211-1234, September.
    3. Pratap Ram & Vikram Gupta, 2022. "Landslide hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessment (HVRA), Mussoorie township, lesser himalaya, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 473-501, January.
    4. Zohre Hoseinzade & Asal Zavarei & Kourosh Shirani, 2021. "Application of prediction–area plot in the assessment of MCDM methods through VIKOR, PROMETHEE II, and permutation," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(3), pages 2489-2507, December.

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