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Rapid appraisal of rainfall threshold and selected landslides in Baguio, Philippines

Author

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  • Dymphna Nolasco-Javier
  • Lalit Kumar
  • Arlene Tengonciang

Abstract

Among the most landslide prone in the Philippines is the Baguio district, a center of trade, commerce, education and governance. It also has the highest recorded rainfall in the country. Rainfall-induced landslides (RILs) occur yearly and are triggered by rainfall due to southwest monsoon, tropical cyclones and their interactions; and orographic lifting by the Cordillera mountain range. Both natural and human factors contribute to the region’s susceptibility to RIL. Fatalities can reach hundreds, and economic damages may reach billions of dollars per event. The rainfall and reported RIL occurrence were compiled for the period 2000–2013. The characteristics and impact of major RIL such as those instigated by Typhoon Parma in October 2009 are highlighted. Most landslides were associated with tropical cyclones, enhanced monsoon flow and 24-h rainfall that ranged from 73 to 1086 mm, corresponding to average rainfall rates of 3–45 mm per hour. The number of daily-reported landslide incidents ranged from 1 to 41. Slides, debris flows and earth flows were observed as the predominant types. As the observed landslide-triggering rainfall is below or within the range of the observed yearly maximum 24-h rainfall, which is 164–1086 mm, RIL will likely continue to occur annually and pose a major challenge for Baguio. The minimum of 70-mm daily rainfall may serve as a threshold for early landslide advisory. Given the limited number of landslides and analysis of landslide occurrence in relation to other controlling/predisposing factors undertaken, the threshold identified can only be regarded as indicative. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Dymphna Nolasco-Javier & Lalit Kumar & Arlene Tengonciang, 2015. "Rapid appraisal of rainfall threshold and selected landslides in Baguio, Philippines," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 78(3), pages 1587-1607, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:78:y:2015:i:3:p:1587-1607
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1790-y
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas, Vinod & Albert, Jose Ramon G. & Perez, Rosa T., 2012. "Examination of Intense Climate-related Disasters in the Asia-Pacific," Discussion Papers DP 2012-16, Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
    2. Graciano Yumul & Nathaniel Servando & Leilanie Suerte & Mae Magarzo & Leo Juguan & Carla Dimalanta, 2012. "Tropical cyclone–southwest monsoon interaction and the 2008 floods and landslides in Panay island, central Philippines: meteorological and geological factors," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 62(3), pages 827-840, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura Sanchez-Castillo & Tetsuya Kubota & Israel Cantú-Silva & Toshiyuki Moriyama & Hasnawir, 2017. "A probability method of rainfall warning for sediment-related disaster in developing countries: a case study in Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 85(3), pages 1893-1906, February.
    2. Ikuo Towhata & Satoshi Goto & Shigeru Goto & Takeshi Akima & Junya Tanaka & Taro Uchimura & Gonghui Wang & Hiroshi Yamaguchi & Shogo Aoyama, 2021. "Mechanism and future risk of slope instability induced by extreme rainfall event in Izu Oshima Island, Japan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(1), pages 501-530, January.
    3. Dino Collalti & Eric Strobl, 2022. "Economic damages due to extreme precipitation during tropical storms: evidence from Jamaica," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 2059-2086, February.
    4. Dymphna Nolasco-Javier & Lalit Kumar, 2018. "Deriving the rainfall threshold for shallow landslide early warning during tropical cyclones: a case study in northern Philippines," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 90(2), pages 921-941, January.

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    1. Dino Collalti & Eric Strobl, 2022. "Economic damages due to extreme precipitation during tropical storms: evidence from Jamaica," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(3), pages 2059-2086, February.

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