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Aftershock sequences of two great Sumatran earthquakes of 2004 and 2005 and simulation of the minor tsunami generated on September 12, 2007 in the Indian Ocean and its effect

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  • R. Jaiswal
  • A. Singh
  • B. Rastogi
  • T. Murty

Abstract

We present the seismic energy, strain energy, frequency–magnitude relation (b-value) and decay rate of aftershocks (p-value) for the aftershock sequences of the Andaman–Sumatra earthquakes of December 26, 2004 (M w 9.3) and March 28, 2005 (M w 8.7). The energy released in aftershocks of 2004 and 2005 earthquake was 0.135 and 0.365% of the energy of the respective mainshocks, while the strain release in aftershocks was 39 and 71% for the two earthquakes, respectively. The b-value and p-value indicate normal value of about 1. All these parameters are in normal range and indicate normal stress patterns and mechanical properties of the medium. Only the strain release in aftershocks was considerable. The fourth largest earthquake in this region since 2004 occurred in September 2007 off the southern coast of Island of Sumatra, generating a relatively minor tsunami as indicated by sea level gauges. The maximum wave amplitude as registered by the Padang, tide gauge, north of the earthquake epicenter was about 60 cm. TUNAMI-N2 model was used to investigate ability of the model to capture the minor tsunami and its effect on the eastern Indian Coast. A close comparison of the observed and simulated tsunami generation, propagation and wave height at tide gauge locations showed that the model was able to capture the minor tsunami phases. The directivity map shows that the maximum tsunami energy was in the southwest direction from the strike of the fault. Since the path of the tsunami for Indian coastlines is oblique, there were no impacts along the Indian coastlines except near the coast of epicentral region. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011

Suggested Citation

  • R. Jaiswal & A. Singh & B. Rastogi & T. Murty, 2011. "Aftershock sequences of two great Sumatran earthquakes of 2004 and 2005 and simulation of the minor tsunami generated on September 12, 2007 in the Indian Ocean and its effect," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 57(1), pages 7-26, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:57:y:2011:i:1:p:7-26
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9637-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Suleyman S. Nalbant & Sandy Steacy & Kerry Sieh & Danny Natawidjaja & John McCloskey, 2005. "Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench," Nature, Nature, vol. 435(7043), pages 756-757, June.
    2. John McCloskey & Suleyman S. Nalbant & Sandy Steacy, 2005. "Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress," Nature, Nature, vol. 434(7031), pages 291-291, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh & Hongwei Wang, 2022. "Aftershock ground motion characteristics during the 2012 Varzaghan–Ahar doublet events, northwest of Iran," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(3), pages 2579-2599, April.

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