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Physical Modelling and Human Survival in Pyroclastic Flows

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  • P. Baxter
  • A. Neri
  • M. Todesco

Abstract

Volcanic eruptions increasingly present catastrophic natural risks with hundreds of millions of people now living in areas of active volcanism and major conurbations around active eruptive centres. Interdisciplinary studies in disaster reduction have an important role in volcanic emergency management through advancing our understanding of the physical impacts of eruptive phenomena and the causes of death and injury in explosive eruptions. Numerical modelling of pyroclastic flows, amongst the most destructive of eruptive phenomena, provides new opportunities to improve the evaluation of the potential destructiveness of volcanic events and their human impacts in densely populated areas. In this work, the results of numerical modelling of pyroclastic flow propagation at Vesuvius have been analysed in terms of the physical parameters (temperature, ash in air concentration, and dynamic pressure) that are most critical for human survival. Our numerical simulations of eruptions of Vesuvius indicate that a large area exists where total destruction may not be inevitable in small to medium scale events, a finding that has prompted us to explore further the implications for human survival as part of an interdisciplinary approach to disaster reduction. The lessons of modelling at Vesuvius should be integrated into civil protection plans for other urban centres threatened by volcanoes. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998

Suggested Citation

  • P. Baxter & A. Neri & M. Todesco, 1998. "Physical Modelling and Human Survival in Pyroclastic Flows," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 17(2), pages 163-176, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:17:y:1998:i:2:p:163-176
    DOI: 10.1023/A:1008031004183
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Buist, A.S. & Bernstein, R.S., 1986. "Health effects of volcanoes: An approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 76(S3), pages 1-2.
    2. Bernstein, R.S. & Baxter, P.J. & Falk, H. & Ing, R. & Foster, L. & Frost, F., 1986. "Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: Lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 76(S3), pages 25-37.
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    Cited by:

    1. Micol Todesco, 2004. "Volcanic Eruption Induced Floods. A Rainfall-Runoff Model Applied to the Vesuvian Region (Italy)," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 33(2), pages 223-245, October.

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