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How has ancient china responded differentially to the long and short timescale climate extremes? Case of the drought and heatwave in 1743

Author

Listed:
  • Le Tao

    (Beijing Normal University
    Beijing Normal University)

  • Yun Su

    (Beijing Normal University
    Beijing Normal University)

  • Xudong Chen

    (Beijing Normal University
    Beijing Normal University)

  • Fangyu Tian

    (Beijing Normal University
    Beijing Normal University)

  • Zijian Gong

    (Beijing Normal University
    Beijing Normal University)

Abstract

The frequency of droughts and heatwaves both increased in the context of climate change. However, due to their different time scales, the impacts, as well as the responses of human systems will vary accordingly. Reconstructions of historical extreme events can help understand the mechanisms of human–environment interactions. From a perspective of human–environment system and based on various historical documents, this study examined the quantity, spatial characteristics, and timeframe of the impacts and government response records of the drought and heatwave in 1743. The results are as follows. (1) The impacts of drought propagated hierarchically, with attenuation across different levels of the human–environment system and a shrinking spatial scale; while the heatwave mainly affected the human system; (2) Government responses to drought were diverse and targeted, involving regional interactions and off-site mitigation measures, whereas responses to heatwave were less diverse and mainly on-site; (3) The impact of drought can be transmitted to higher levels of the social system through food security, with serious consequences, the impacts of heatwave end in human systems. This is why governments treat them differently. Technological conditions further limit response behavior to high temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Le Tao & Yun Su & Xudong Chen & Fangyu Tian & Zijian Gong, 2024. "How has ancient china responded differentially to the long and short timescale climate extremes? Case of the drought and heatwave in 1743," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(15), pages 14625-14647, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:15:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06799-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06799-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jianfu Han & Yuda Yang, 2021. "The socioeconomic effects of extreme drought events in northern China on the Ming dynasty in the late fifteenth century," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Zhixin Hao & Danyang Xiong & Jingyun Zheng, 2021. "How ancient China dealt with summer droughts—a case study of the whole process of the 1751 drought in the Qing dynasty," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 165(1), pages 1-22, March.
    3. Xu-Dong Chen & Yun Su & Xiu-Qi Fang, 2021. "Social impacts of extreme drought event in Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province, during 1928–1931," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 164(3), pages 1-19, February.
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