IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/nathaz/v120y2024i11d10.1007_s11069-024-06582-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Causes and dynamic change characteristics of the 2022 devastating floods in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Huayong Chen

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Jiang Xiong

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Peng Cui

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences
    China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences)

  • Xiaoqing Chen

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yonggang Ge

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Congxi Fang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Bo Zhang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Tao Yang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Inamullah Khan

    (National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST))

Abstract

In 2022, a catastrophic flood triggered by the extreme precipitation in Sind Province, Pakistan. To better understand the comprehensive response of water vapor, rainfall, topography, and flood, the source of water vapor for the flood was calculated by the NCAR Command Language (NCL) application. Simultaneously, the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data was collected from NASA for overlay analysis with water vapor observations. In addition, a digital elevation model (DEM) was also obtained to analyze the impact of topography on flood inundation. Importantly, multi Sentinel-1 data was used to monitor the long-term changes in flood inundation area. The extreme precipitation is dominated by water vapor continue transferred by southwest monsoon, especially impacted by the occurrence of cyclone. Simultaneously, influenced by the steep terrain that located in the north and west of Pakistan, the extreme precipitation first occurred in Islamabad and its adjacent area, subsequently in Punjab Province, and finally concentrated in Sind Province. The surface runoff induced by rainstorm converged in the junction of Sind and Punjab Province with the pattern of fire hose effect. Subsequently, the flood in Indus River in the Sind Province overflow into the low-lying area along the bank of Indus River due to the terrain of Indus River in these regions has the characteristics of over ground river, and the flood flow capacity is lower than that in northern of Pakistan. In addition, the long-term changes in the flood inundation area can be summarized into four stages: increase slowly period (In June), increase slightly period (In July), increase rapidly period (Between August and the beginning of September), rapidly decline period (After September 15, 2022). Importantly, a conceptual model of disaster caused by the fire pipe effect is summarized based on the comprehensive response of water vapor, rainfall, and topography.

Suggested Citation

  • Huayong Chen & Jiang Xiong & Peng Cui & Xiaoqing Chen & Yonggang Ge & Congxi Fang & Bo Zhang & Tao Yang & Inamullah Khan, 2024. "Causes and dynamic change characteristics of the 2022 devastating floods in Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(11), pages 9691-9711, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:11:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06582-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06582-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11069-024-06582-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11069-024-06582-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. G. Schrier & L. M. Rasmijn & J. Barkmeijer & A. Sterl & W. Hazeleger, 2018. "The 2010 Pakistan floods in a future climate," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 148(1), pages 205-218, May.
    2. Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Jingzhong Ye & Muhammad Abid & Raza Ullah, 2017. "Determinants of flood risk mitigation strategies at household level: a case of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 88(1), pages 415-430, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Liu, Wei & Li, Jie & Xu, Jie, 2020. "Impact of the ecological resettlement program in southern Shaanxi Province, China on households' livelihood strategies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    2. Fahad, Shah & Wang, Jing & Hu, Guangyin & Wang, Hui & Yang, Xiaoying & Shah, Ashfaq Ahmad & Huong, Nguyen Thi Lan & Bilal, Arshad, 2018. "Empirical analysis of factors influencing farmers crop insurance decisions in Pakistan: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 459-467.
    3. Md. Nawrose Fatemi & Seth Asare Okyere & Stephen Kofi Diko & Michihiro Kita & Motoki Shimoda & Shigeki Matsubara, 2020. "Physical Vulnerability and Local Responses to Flood Damage in Peri-Urban Areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, May.
    4. Roland Azibo Balgah & Kester Azibo Ngwa & Gertrud Rosa Buchenrieder & Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi, 2023. "Impacts of Floods on Agriculture-Dependent Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Assessment from Multiple Geo-Ecological Zones," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-18, January.
    5. Muhammad Hussain & Muhammad Tayyab & Jiquan Zhang & Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Kashif Ullah & Ummer Mehmood & Bazel Al-Shaibah, 2021. "GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Approach for Flood Vulnerability Assessment and Mapping in District Shangla: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-29, March.
    6. Tan-Soo, Jie-Sheng & Li, Jun & Qin, Ping, 2023. "Individuals' and households' climate adaptation and mitigation behaviors: A systematic review," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    7. Muditha Karunarathna & Wasantha Athukorala, 2018. "The Determinants Of Investment On Floods Mitigation Activities: An Empirical Investigation In Sri Lanka," Journal of Smart Economic Growth, , vol. 3(3), pages 37-59, December.
    8. Linyi Zhou & Demi Zhu & Wei Shen, 2022. "Social Stability Risk Assessment of Disaster-Preventive Migration in Ethnic Minority Areas of Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Md. Sazzad Ansari & Jeroen Warner & Vibhas Sukhwani & Rajib Shaw, 2022. "Protection Motivation Status and Factors Influencing Risk Reduction Measures among the Flood-Prone Households in Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-21, September.
    10. Kennedy Ndue & Melese Mulu Baylie & Pál Goda, 2023. "Determinants of Rural Households’ Intensity of Flood Adaptation in the Fogera Rice Plain, Ethiopia: Evidence from Generalised Poisson Regression," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    11. Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo & Rahman, Wakilur & Palash, Salauddin & Jahan, Hasneen & Mainuddin, Mohammed & Ward, Frank A., 2022. "Exploring strategies to control the cost of food security: Evidence from Bangladesh," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    12. Ashish Sharma & Subir Sen, 2022. "Droughts risk management strategies and determinants of preparedness: insights from Madhya Pradesh, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 114(2), pages 2243-2281, November.
    13. Ali Jamshed & Chirag Patel & Anshul Puriya & Nimra Iqbal & Irfan Ahmad Rana & Joanna M. McMillan & Rajiv Pandey & Shahbaz Altaf & Rana Tahir Mehmood & Umair bin Saad, 2024. "Flood resilience assessment from the perspective of urban (in)formality in Surat, India: Implications for sustainable development," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(10), pages 9297-9326, August.
    14. Ali Jamshed & Joern Birkmann & Daniel Feldmeyer & Irfan Ahmad Rana, 2020. "A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Dynamics of Rural–Urban Linkages for Rural Flood Vulnerability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-25, April.
    15. Qin Zhang & Fengqi Cui & Luwei Dai & Bing Feng & Yunjing Lu & Haiping Tang, 2019. "Pastoralists’ perception of and adaptation strategies for climate change: associations with observed climate variability," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 96(3), pages 1387-1412, April.
    16. Yajia Liang & Taiyang Zhong & Jonathan Crush, 2022. "Boon or Bane? Urban Food Security and Online Food Purchasing during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Nanjing, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-25, June.
    17. Muhammad Sajjad & Zulfiqar Ali & Mirza Waleed, 2023. "Has Pakistan learned from disasters over the decades? Dynamic resilience insights based on catastrophe progression and geo-information models," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 117(3), pages 3021-3042, July.
    18. Nasir Abbas Khan & Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq & Ataharul Chowdhury & Uttam Khanal, 2022. "Impact of Farmers’ Climate Risk Perception and Socio-Economic Attributes on Their Choice of ICT-Based Agricultural Information Services: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    19. Nasrullah Khan & Rafi Ullah & Kishwar Ali & David Aaron Jones & Muhammad Ezaz Hasan Khan, 2022. "Invasive Milk Thistle ( Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Causes Habitat Homogenization and Affects the Spatial Distribution of Vegetation in the Semi-Arid Regions of Northern Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, May.
    20. Ashfaq Ahmad Shah & Wenya Wu & Zaiwu Gong & Indrajit Pal & Jahangir Khan, 2021. "Multidimensional six-stage model for flood emergency response in schools: a case study of Pakistan," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 105(2), pages 1977-2005, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:11:d:10.1007_s11069-024-06582-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.