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Earthquake response of embankment resting on liquefiable soil with different mitigation models

Author

Listed:
  • Abhijit Chakraborty

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • V. A. Sawant

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

Abstract

Three different liquefaction mitigation techniques for an earthen embankment resting on saturated loose cohesionless soil have been compared in the present study as densification of foundation soil, stone column mitigation, and hybrid pile-stone column mitigation. Numerical modelling has been done using finite element modelling assuming plane strain condition. Liquefaction behaviour of the foundation soil has been modelled using the effective stress-based elasto-plastic UBC3D-PLM model. All the three mitigation models along with the benchmark model have been analysed under 25 different real ground motions. The maximum embankment crest settlement has been occurred in the Imperial Valley (1979) ground motion having the maximum Arias Intensity. The maximum crest settlement and the maximum excess pore pressure ratio in the mitigation zone below embankment toe found to be increasing with Arias Intensity of ground motions. In case of mitigation using densification of region below the embankment toe, the mitigated zone away from the toe towards the free field liquefies. The stone column mitigation reduces the excess pore pressure more efficiently beneath the embankment toe region than other two mitigation techniques. The hybrid mitigation with a combination of gravel drainage and pile found to be more effective to reduce the excess pore pressure as well as the shear-induced and post-shaking settlement due to the rapid dissipation of excess pore pressure of the foundation soil.

Suggested Citation

  • Abhijit Chakraborty & V. A. Sawant, 2023. "Earthquake response of embankment resting on liquefiable soil with different mitigation models," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 116(3), pages 3093-3117, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:116:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1007_s11069-022-05799-6
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05799-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jagabandhu Dixit & D. Dewaikar & R. Jangid, 2012. "Soil liquefaction studies at Mumbai city," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 63(2), pages 375-390, September.
    2. Cenk Cuma Çadır & Mustafa Vekli & Ferhat Şahinkaya, 2021. "Numerical analysis of a finite slope improved with stone columns under the effect of earthquake force," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(1), pages 173-211, March.
    3. Sufyan Ghani & Sunita Kumari, 2022. "Liquefaction behavior of Indo-Gangetic region using novel metaheuristic optimization algorithms coupled with artificial neural network," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(3), pages 2995-3029, April.
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