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Rockfall susceptibility and runout in the Valley of the Kings

Author

Listed:
  • Lukovic Marija

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Ziegler Martin

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Aaron Jordan

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Perras Matthew

    (York University)

Abstract

The UNESCO world heritage site Valley of the Kings or Wadi el-Moluk (وادي الملوك) near Luxor, Egypt, hosts unique burial places of Egyptian kings and royals from the New Kingdom (c. 1539–1075 BCE) and attracts about 0.5 to 2 million tourists per year. Very steep to subvertical cliffs of Thebes Limestone surround the Valley of the Kings. The rock mass is cut by frequent joints and faults making the cliff walls prone to rockfalls. However, only few rockfall debris are found in the valley, likely due to natural remobilisation by flood events and artificial clearings and excavation works that rendered the natural debris cover over the millennia. This work focuses on rockfall susceptibility and runout and makes use of new high-resolution landscape surface models utilising terrestrial laser scanning. We investigated rockfall release areas by exploring rock mass fractures at 23 cliff segments and analysed the kinematics of potential rockfalls. Furthermore, we estimated potential rockfall deposition areas with CONEFALL supported by nine numerical simulations of single rockfall events using Rockyfor3D. We found that nearly 4500 m2 (26%) of the public walking paths and 24 out of 64 tomb entrance areas locate within potential rockfall runout zones.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukovic Marija & Ziegler Martin & Aaron Jordan & Perras Matthew, 2022. "Rockfall susceptibility and runout in the Valley of the Kings," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 110(1), pages 451-485, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:110:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1007_s11069-021-04954-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04954-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. O. Katz & P. Reichenbach & F. Guzzetti, 2011. "Rock fall hazard along the railway corridor to Jerusalem, Israel, in the Soreq and Refaim valleys," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 56(3), pages 649-665, March.
    2. Rita De Stefano & Leopoldo Repola & Luigi Guerriero & Domenico Iovane & Vincenzo Morra & Fabio Pagano & Diego Di Martire, 2021. "Rockfall Threatening Cumae Archeological Site Fruition (Phlegraean Fields Park—Naples)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-15, January.
    3. B. Palma & M. Parise & P. Reichenbach & F. Guzzetti, 2012. "Rockfall hazard assessment along a road in the Sorrento Peninsula, Campania, southern Italy," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 61(1), pages 187-201, March.
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