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Plug-in electric vehicles in China and the USA: a technology and market comparison

Author

Listed:
  • Xu Hao

    (Tsinghua University)

  • Yan Zhou

    (Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory)

  • Hewu Wang

    (Tsinghua University
    Tsinghua University)

  • Minggao Ouyang

    (Tsinghua University
    Tsinghua University)

Abstract

As the top two plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) markets in the world, China and the United States of America (USA) have developed different market structures that are influenced by government policies, test procedures, customer acceptance, and vehicle performance. There are differences in PEV test procedures and vehicle class definitions as well. This paper quantifies such differences and compares PEV characteristics and markets in the two countries using actual data collected over several years. First, although China surpasses the USA in annual PEV production because of generous PEV policies and higher charging infrastructure availability, the USA has a higher PEV adoption rate per capita (2.3 versus 0.81 per 1000 people at the end of 2017). Second, the most popular vehicle classes are A00 battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in China but long-range mid-size BEVs in the USA. Moreover, China’s electric and plug-in hybrid sport utility vehicle market is growing quickly. Third, the electricity consumption rated under Chinese test procedures is 20%–40% lower than that rated under US procedures. The sales-weighted electricity consumption of an average BEV in China is 23% lower than that in the USA because of larger proportions of small and micro BEVs in China. Fourth, PEV battery cost in the two countries is currently close to $210–$220 kWh. Finally, China has higher numbers of charging infrastructure, and the ratio of PEVs to public chargers is 9.0 in China versus 17.9 in the USA at the end of 2018.

Suggested Citation

  • Xu Hao & Yan Zhou & Hewu Wang & Minggao Ouyang, 2020. "Plug-in electric vehicles in China and the USA: a technology and market comparison," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 329-353, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:25:y:2020:i:3:d:10.1007_s11027-019-09907-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-019-09907-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Qingyou Yan & Meijuan Zhang & Wei Li & Guangyu Qin, 2020. "Risk Assessment of New Energy Vehicle Supply Chain Based on Variable Weight Theory and Cloud Model: A Case Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-21, April.
    3. Tian, Jingjing & Jia, Hongfei & Wang, Guanfeng & Huang, Qiuyang & Wu, Ruiyi & Gao, Heyao & Liu, Chao, 2024. "Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, fleet size and vehicle operation in shared autonomous electric vehicle system considering vehicle-to-grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    4. Zhang, Tong & Burke, Paul J. & Wang, Qi, 2024. "Effectiveness of electric vehicle subsidies in China: A three-dimensional panel study," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    5. Hao, Xu & Lin, Zhenhong & Wang, Hewu & Ou, Shiqi & Ouyang, Minggao, 2020. "Range cost-effectiveness of plug-in electric vehicle for heterogeneous consumers: An expanded total ownership cost approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    6. Srinivasa Raghavan, Seshadri, 2020. "Behavioral Realism of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Usage: Implications for Emission Benefits, Energy Consumption, and Policies," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1rz000pf, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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