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Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in least developed countries in South and Southeast Asia

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  • Norio Saito

Abstract

This paper undertakes an in-depth analysis of six least developed countries (LDCs) in South and Southeast Asia to assess the extent of mainstreaming climate change adaptation into national development plans by reviewing their National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs), national development plans, and Strategic Programs for Climate Resilience (SPCRs) (where available). The paper proposes two perspectives to analyze the level of mainstreaming and five factors that may affect such a level. The results show that there is a significant difference in the success of their mainstreaming efforts: mainstreaming is relatively advanced in Bangladesh, limited in Lao People’s Democratic Republic, the Maldives, and Nepal, and still minimal in Bhutan and Cambodia. Among the factors, the study finds that the inter-ministerial coordination supported by the highest levels of government is most relevant to the success of mainstreaming, which is measured by the integration of climate adaptation consideration into development priorities and a country’s own initiatives, particularly those involving budget allocation. Recognition of the need for mainstreaming and monitoring and evaluation also affect the success of mainstreaming efforts in LDCs. Another important factor is to make adaptation plans compatible with national development plans in terms of their time horizon, and SPCRs effectively facilitate this process. As all countries still require external support for advancing mainstreaming, the role of development partners is instrumental. The paper points to issues that need to be incorporated in the relevant NAPAs including updating to facilitate mainstreaming. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013

Suggested Citation

  • Norio Saito, 2013. "Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in least developed countries in South and Southeast Asia," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(6), pages 825-849, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:masfgc:v:18:y:2013:i:6:p:825-849
    DOI: 10.1007/s11027-012-9392-4
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    1. Fobissie Kalame & Denboy Kudejira & Johnson Nkem, 2011. "Assessing the process and options for implementing National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA): a case study from Burkina Faso," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(5), pages 535-553, June.
    2. Chuku Chuku, 2010. "Pursuing an integrated development and climate policy framework in Africa: options for mainstreaming," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 41-52, January.
    3. Harsha Meenawat & Benjamin Sovacool, 2011. "Improving adaptive capacity and resilience in Bhutan," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(5), pages 515-533, June.
    4. Sawon Anik & Mohammed Khan, 2012. "Climate change adaptation through local knowledge in the north eastern region of Bangladesh," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 17(8), pages 879-896, December.
    5. Anthony D’Agostino & Benjamin Sovacool, 2011. "Sewing climate-resilient seeds: implementing climate change adaptation best practices in rural Cambodia," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(6), pages 699-720, August.
    6. Amireeta Rawlani & Benjamin Sovacool, 2011. "Building responsiveness to climate change through community based adaptation in Bangladesh," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 16(8), pages 845-863, December.
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    3. Thomas Schinko & Reinhard Mechler & Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler, 2017. "A methodological framework to operationalize climate risk management: managing sovereign climate-related extreme event risk in Austria," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 22(7), pages 1063-1086, October.
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    5. Gyanendra Karki & Balram Bhatta & Naba R Devkota & Ram P Acharya & Ripu M Kunwar, 2021. "Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Interventions and Indicators in Nepal: Implications for Sustainable Adaptation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    6. Nop, Sothun, 2015. "Towards active community participation in implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy (CCAP) in Cambodia," MPRA Paper 71656, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Reckien, D. & Salvia, M. & Pietrapertosa, F. & Simoes, S.G. & Olazabal, M. & De Gregorio Hurtado, S. & Geneletti, D. & Krkoška Lorencová, E. & D'Alonzo, V. & Krook-Riekkola, A. & Fokaides, P.A. & Ioan, 2019. "Dedicated versus mainstreaming approaches in local climate plans in Europe," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 948-959.
    8. Catherine Roween C. Almaden & Ma Kresna D. Navarro, 2018. "Enablers and constraints of localized climate financing: The case of a second-tier city in the Philippines," ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2018(1), pages 191-223.
    9. Bayarmaa Enkhbold & Kenichi Matsui, 2022. "A Study on Policy and Institutional Arrangements for Urban Green Space Development in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.

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