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Responding to Climate-Induced Displacement in Bangladesh: A Governance Perspective

Author

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  • Chakma Kisinger

    (Doctoral Program in Sustainable Environmental Studies, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan)

  • Kenichi Matsui

    (Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan)

Abstract

Population displacement by extreme weather events have long plagued Bangladesh, a low-lying disaster-prone river delta. The country experiences yearly displacement of approximately one million people and losses of about 1% of its gross domestic product due to cyclones, floods, and riverbank erosion. This study examines how the Bangladesh government has managed climate-induced displacement with a particular focus on socioeconomic development policies. We analyzed the country’s 1984 Land Reform Ordinance, the 2009 climate change strategy and action plan, the 1997 agricultural Khasland settlement policy, perspective plan for 2010–2021, poverty reduction strategy paper, and five-year plans to understand governance changes for displaced communities. We found that, overall, the central government implemented four main strategies. In the first strategy, Bangladesh resettled displaced people in cluster villages on public lands. Then, it provided life skills training (e.g., leadership, disaster preparedness, income generation) to rehabilitate the residents. The third strategy was to align resettlement efforts with local-level climate change adaptation and poverty reduction activities. Here, the central government and its seventeen departments collaborated with local councils to support resettled households under the social safety program. The fourth strategy was to diversify financial resources by obtaining more fund from donors and establishing its own financial mechanism. However, we also found that the decision-making and implementation process remained top-down without need assessment and community participation. This paper intends to offer insights on how similar challenged countries and regions may respond to climate displacement in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Chakma Kisinger & Kenichi Matsui, 2021. "Responding to Climate-Induced Displacement in Bangladesh: A Governance Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-12, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:14:p:7788-:d:593001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Norio Saito, 2013. "Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in least developed countries in South and Southeast Asia," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 18(6), pages 825-849, August.
    2. Magnus Benzie & Åsa Persson, 2019. "Governing borderless climate risks: moving beyond the territorial framing of adaptation," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 369-393, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bayarmaa Enkhbold & Kenichi Matsui, 2021. "Community Perceptions about Participating in Urban Park Establishment in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Parfait K. Kouamé & Gilbert Fokou & Amoin Jeanne d’Arc Koffi & Amidou Sani & Bassirou Bonfoh & Kouassi Dongo, 2022. "Assessing Institutional Stakeholders’ Perception and Limitations on Coping Strategies in Flooding Risk Management in West Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-20, June.
    3. Bayarmaa Enkhbold & Kenichi Matsui, 2022. "A Study on Policy and Institutional Arrangements for Urban Green Space Development in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.

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