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A Spatial Equilibrium Problem for the European Pulp and Paper Industry Under the Emission Trading System

Author

Listed:
  • Elisabetta Allevi

    (University of Brescia)

  • Adriana Gnudi

    (University of Bergamo)

  • Igor V. Konnov

    (Kazan Federal University)

  • Giorgia Oggioni

    (University of Brescia)

  • Rossana Riccardi

    (University of Brescia)

Abstract

We propose a spatial equilibrium problem for a pulp and paper supply chain network under the Emission Trading System (ETS) and the circular economy principles. The developed closed-loop supply chain model, based on the variational inequality theory, accounts for the forest deployment and the production of paper using both virgin pulp and recyclable paper waste in an area that is subject to the ETS. In addition, it considers the exchanges of virgin pulp, paper, recyclable and not-recyclable paper waste between this regulated area and geographical zones where no environmental policies apply. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ETS impacts on the pulp and paper industries located in an environmentally regulated area in terms of operating costs, production and trading volumes of the aforementioned commodities, and emissions generated. The case study focuses on the European pulp and paper companies, which are among the energy-intensive industries deemed to be exposed to the carbon leakage risk as a consequence of the ETS application. Sensitivity analyses on the carbon price value and on the trade flexibility are conducted. Our results show that the ETS implies additional costs for the European pulp and paper companies and induces them to resort more on imports of virgin pulp and paper from not-regulated zones.

Suggested Citation

  • Elisabetta Allevi & Adriana Gnudi & Igor V. Konnov & Giorgia Oggioni & Rossana Riccardi, 2024. "A Spatial Equilibrium Problem for the European Pulp and Paper Industry Under the Emission Trading System," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 203(2), pages 1767-1793, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:joptap:v:203:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s10957-023-02291-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s10957-023-02291-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stede, Jan & Pauliuk, Stefan & Hardadi, Gilang & Neuhoff, Karsten, 2021. "Carbon pricing of basic materials: Incentives and risks for the value chain and consumers," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Carlsson, Dick & Ronnqvist, Mikael, 2005. "Supply chain management in forestry--case studies at Sodra Cell AB," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 163(3), pages 589-616, June.
    3. Runar Brännlund & Yangho Chung & Rolf Färe & Shawna Grosskopf, 1998. "Emissions Trading and Profitability: The Swedish Pulp and Paper Industry," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 12(3), pages 345-356, October.
    4. Kallrath, Julia & Rebennack, Steffen & Kallrath, Josef & Kusche, Rüdiger, 2014. "Solving real-world cutting stock-problems in the paper industry: Mathematical approaches, experience and challenges," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 238(1), pages 374-389.
    5. Andrew Philpott & Graeme Everett, 2001. "Supply Chain Optimisation in the Paper Industry," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 108(1), pages 225-237, November.
    6. Igor Konnov, 2021. "Variational Inequality Type Formulations of General Market Equilibrium Problems with Local Information," Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, Springer, vol. 188(2), pages 332-355, February.
    7. Patrick Schroeder & Kartika Anggraeni & Uwe Weber, 2019. "The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(1), pages 77-95, February.
    8. Igor Konnov, 2009. "Decomposition Approaches for Constrained Spatial Auction Market Problems," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 505-524, December.
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