IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/joimai/v23y2022i4d10.1007_s12134-021-00912-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Turkish Migration Policy from the 1960s Until Today: What National Development Plans Tell Us

Author

Listed:
  • Hakan Kilic

    (Danube University Krems)

  • Gudrun Biffl

    (Danube University Krems)

Abstract

This paper is on migration and migration policy transition of Turkey. The focus is on the Turkish National Development Plans from the 1960s until today and the socio-political and economic context. We identify three distinct periods. The first period of the 1960s is characterized by an explicit support of out-migration to reduce population pressure and on remittances to promote economic growth. The second period from the 1970s to 2000 is marked by diaspora policies of Turkey relative to Europe, thereby acknowledging the role of the Turkish diaspora in the promotion of Turkish economic development and international relations. Since the year of 2000, Turkish migration policy turned to the promotion of highly skilled immigration, aiming at the promotion of technological progress towards a knowledge society with the support of intellectual elites. The policy transition towards the promotion of highly skilled immigration goes hand in hand with institutional and legal changes, which we specify.

Suggested Citation

  • Hakan Kilic & Gudrun Biffl, 2022. "Turkish Migration Policy from the 1960s Until Today: What National Development Plans Tell Us," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 2047-2073, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:23:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s12134-021-00912-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s12134-021-00912-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12134-021-00912-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s12134-021-00912-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Poot, Jacques & Alimi, Omoniyi & Cameron, Michael P. & Maré, David C., 2016. "The gravity model of migration: the successful comeback of an ageing superstar in regional science," INVESTIGACIONES REGIONALES - Journal of REGIONAL RESEARCH, Asociación Española de Ciencia Regional, issue 36, pages 63-86.
    2. Ibrahim Sirkeci & Jeffrey H. Cohen & Pinar Yazgan, 2012. "Turkish culture of migration: Flows between Turkey and Germany, socio-economic development and conflict," Migration Letters, Migration Letters, vol. 9(1), pages 33-46, January.
    3. Nil Demet Gungor & Aysıt Tansel, 2008. "Brain drain from Turkey: an investigation of students' return intentions," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(23), pages 3069-3087.
    4. Biffl, Gudrun, 2013. "The Role of Migration in Economic Relations between Europe and Turkey," European Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 21(3), pages 372-381, July.
    5. Özge Bilgili & Melissa Siegel, 2014. "Policy perspectives of Turkey towards return migration: From permissive indifference to selective difference," Migration Letters, Migration Letters, vol. 11(2), pages 218-228, May.
    6. Lisa Peppler, 2018. "Changes in Highly Skilled Migration Policies: Turkish-German Medical Migration since the 1960s," Migration Letters, Migration Letters, vol. 15(4), pages 491-502, October.
    7. Aydın, Yaşar, 2014. "The new Turkish diaspora policy: Its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany," SWP Research Papers RP 10/2014, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs.
    8. Gudrun Biffl, 2012. "Turkey and Europe: The role of migration and trade in economic development," Migration Letters, Migration Letters, vol. 9(1), pages 47-64, January.
    9. Liv Bjerre & Marc Helbling & Friederike Römer & Malisa Zobel, 2015. "Conceptualizing and Measuring Immigration Policies: A Comparative Perspective," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(3), pages 555-600, September.
    10. İçduygu, Ahmet & Sert, Deniz, 2011. "Project-Tied Labor Migration from Turkey to the MENA Region: Past, Present, and Future," International Labor and Working-Class History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 79(1), pages 62-80, April.
    11. Akgündüz, Yusuf Emre & van den Berg, Marcel & Hassink, Wolter, 2015. "The Impact of Refugee Crises on Host Labor Markets: The Case of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Turkey," IZA Discussion Papers 8841, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    12. Nil Demet Güngör & Aysıt Tansel, 2008. "Brain drain from Turkey: the case of professionals abroad," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 29(4), pages 323-347, July.
    13. Douglas S. Massey, 1999. "International Migration at the Dawn of the Twenty‐First Century: The Role of the State," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 25(2), pages 303-322, June.
    14. Insel, Aysu & Sungur Cakmak, Nesrin, 2010. "The Impacts of the Turkish Emigrants on Turkish Exports and Imports in Europe," MPRA Paper 22100, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 30 Apr 2010.
    15. Cem Dişbudak & Semra Purkis, 2016. "Forced Migrants or Voluntary Exiles: Ethnic Turks of Bulgaria in Turkey," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 371-388, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Michel Beine & Anna Boucher & Brian Burgoon & Mary Crock & Justin Gest & Michael Hiscox & Patrick McGovern & Hillel Rapoport & Joep Schaper & Eiko Thielemann, 2016. "Comparing Immigration Policies: An Overview from the IMPALA Database," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(4), pages 827-863, December.
    2. Ilka Steiner, 2019. "Settlement or Mobility? Immigrants’ Re-migration Decision-Making Process in a High-Income Country Setting," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 223-245, February.
    3. Müller-Funk, Lea & Fröhlich, Christiane & Bank, André, 2020. "State(s) of negotiation: Drivers of forced migration governance in most of the world," GIGA Working Papers 323, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    4. Iordache Mihaela & Matei Mihaela, 2020. "Explaining Recent Romanian Migration: A Modified Gravity Model with Panel Data," Journal of Social and Economic Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 9(1), pages 46-64, August.
    5. Cristina Blasi Casagran & Colleen Boland & Elena Sánchez-Montijano & Eva Vilà Sanchez, 2021. "The Role of Emerging Predictive IT Tools in Effective Migration Governance," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(4), pages 133-145.
    6. Sinem Yilmaz, 2016. "Migration of highly educated Belgian and Dutch Turks: Young Brains of Turkey," Border Crossing, Transnational Press London, UK, vol. 6(2), pages 305-324, July-Dece.
    7. Ron Boschma & Simona Iammarino & Raffaele Paci & Jordy Suriñach & Raul Ramos & Jordi Suriñach, 2017. "A Gravity Model of Migration Between the ENC and the EU," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 108(1), pages 21-35, February.
    8. Wiedner, Jonas & Giesecke, Johannes, 2022. "Immigrant Men’s Economic Adaptation in Changing Labor Markets: Why Gaps between Turkish and German Men Expanded, 1976–2015," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 56(1), pages 176-205.
    9. Albert MILLOGO & Ines TROJETTE & Nicolas PÉRIDY, 2021. "Are government policies efficient to regulate immigration? Evidence from France," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 53, pages 23-49.
    10. David Figlio & Umut Özek, 2019. "Unwelcome Guests? The Effects of Refugees on the Educational Outcomes of Incumbent Students," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 37(4), pages 1061-1096.
    11. Anda David & Charbel Nahas & Björn Nilsson & Mohamed Ali Marouani, 2018. "The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighboring countries," Working Papers hal-04000224, HAL.
    12. Abdulkerim YAVUZASLAN, 2017. "Perceptions and Attitudes of Turkish Youth Studying at Hungarian Universities – A Quantitative and Qualitative Approach," Book chapters-LUMEN Proceedings, in: Camelia IGNATESCU & Antonio SANDU & Tomita CIULEI (ed.), Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 91, pages 1007-1015, Editura Lumen.
    13. Helena Barnard & Robin Cowan & Moritz Müller, 2016. "On the value of foreign PhDs in the developing world: Training versus selection effects," Working Papers of BETA 2016-04, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg.
    14. Verme, Paolo & Schuettler, Kirsten, 2021. "The impact of forced displacement on host communities: A review of the empirical literature in economics," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    15. Onur Altındağ & Neeraj Kaushal, 2021. "Do refugees impact voting behavior in the host country? Evidence from Syrian refugee inflows to Turkey," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 186(1), pages 149-178, January.
    16. Honorata Bogusz, 2021. "Causes of the spatially uneven outflow of Warsaw inhabitants to the city’s suburbs: an economic analysis of the problem," Working Papers 2021-01, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw.
    17. Thierry BAUDASSE, 2006. "Governance and Migration in a South-North Partnership : the Teaching of Economic Analysis," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 691, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    18. Helbling, Marc & Michalowski, Ines, 2017. "A New Agenda for Immigration and Citizenship Policy Research," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 50(1), pages 3-13.
    19. Yuchao Chen & Yunus A. Kinkhabwala & Boris Barron & Matthew Hall & Tomás A. Arias & Itai Cohen, 2024. "Small-area population forecasting in a segregated city using density-functional fluctuation theory," Journal of Computational Social Science, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 2255-2275, December.
    20. Nil Demet Gungor & Aysit Tansel, 2009. "Brain Drain from Turkey: Return Intentions of Skilled Migrants," ERC Working Papers 0902, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Oct 2009.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:joimai:v:23:y:2022:i:4:d:10.1007_s12134-021-00912-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.