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Earnings attainment in the three main cities of Southeastern Brazil: social networks and communities of worship

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Listed:
  • Silvio Segundo Salej Higgins

    (Federal University of Minas Gerais)

  • Jorge Alexandre Barbosa Neves

    (Federal University of Minas Gerais)

  • Luciano Mattar

    (Federal University of Minas Gerais)

Abstract

Following the field of insertion into the labor market, we tested the classic hypothesis of the strength of weak ties in the three largest cities in the Southeast Region of Brazil, with a focus on communities of religious worship. A survey was carried out in 2021 with 900 questionnaires divided equally among the three cities, weighted considering the size of the population and the distribution of religious affiliation. We investigated: (1) whether the strength of ties leverages the labor insertion of adults; (2) whether religious cult communities operate as mechanisms for the circulation of opportunities in the labor market. The data were analyzed with Heckman’s two-stage correction models to mitigate possible censoring biases. Controlling by seniority in the position and participation of three sampled cities in gross national product, inter alia, the results show that strong ties, as predicted by the strength of ties theory, are associated with lower earnings. At the same time, obtaining a paid job through another cult member is negatively associated with earnings. However, when testing our main hypothesis, we found that in the three largest cities in the Southeast Region of Brazil the religious embeddedness, composed of strong ties, high worship attendance and religious motivations coming from maternal ties, operate plausibly in labor market as favorable screen mechanism associated with higher earnings.

Suggested Citation

  • Silvio Segundo Salej Higgins & Jorge Alexandre Barbosa Neves & Luciano Mattar, 2025. "Earnings attainment in the three main cities of Southeastern Brazil: social networks and communities of worship," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 59(1), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:59:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1186_s12651-024-00388-5
    DOI: 10.1186/s12651-024-00388-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lam, David & Schoeni, Robert F, 1993. "Effects of Family Background on Earnings and Returns to Schooling: Evidence from Brazil," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 101(4), pages 710-740, August.
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    3. Heckman, James, 2013. "Sample selection bias as a specification error," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 31(3), pages 129-137.
    4. Toomet, Ott & Henningsen, Arne, 2008. "Sample Selection Models in R: Package sampleSelection," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 27(i07).
    5. Michael Spence, 1973. "Job Market Signaling," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 87(3), pages 355-374.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Earnings attainment; Strength of ties; Communities of worship; Religious embeddedness;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J69 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Other

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