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Ältere Arbeitslose am Scheideweg zwischen Erwerbsleben und Ruhestand: Gründe für ihren Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt
[Older unemployed persons at the crossroads between working life and retirement: their motives for leaving the labour force]

Author

Listed:
  • Christina Wübbeke

    (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA))

Abstract

Zusammenfassung In Deutschland waren ab 58-jährige Erwerbslose bis zum Jahr 2007 von einem Grundprinzip aktivierender Arbeitsmarktpolitik ausgenommen: Sie hatten das Recht, Arbeitslosenunterstützung bis zur Rente zu beziehen, ohne eine neue Arbeit suchen zu müssen (Paragraph 428 SGB III). Vor dem Hintergrund der politischen Bemühungen um eine stärkere Teilhabe Älterer am Arbeitsleben beschäftigt sich der Beitrag mit der Frage, aus welchen Gründen sich die überwiegende Mehrheit der älteren Langzeitarbeitslosen mit Hilfe des „erleichterten Leistungsbezugs“ (ELB) vom Arbeitsmarkt zurückgezogen hat. Die Untersuchung des Arbeitsmarktverhaltens dieser Gruppe anhand des ELB verringert dabei ein methodisches Problem: Da arbeitslose Bezieher von Transferleistungen dem Arbeitsmarkt zur Verfügung stehen müssen, dürften Fragen nach deren Erwerbsneigung, Konzessionsbereitschaft und Suchaktivitäten vielfach zu sozial erwünschten Antworten führen. Solche Verzerrungen sind hingegen bei denjenigen Leistungsbeziehern, denen der Gesetzgeber explizit das Recht eingeräumt hat, sich vom Arbeitsmarkt abzuwenden, in geringerem Maße zu erwarten. Die empirische Analyse zeigt auf Basis einer Befragung von Beziehern des Arbeitslosengelds II, dass mangelnde Arbeitswilligkeit nur selten der Grund für den Wechsel in den Vorruhestand war. Besonders Personen mit einer unzureichenden Absicherung für das Alter wollten meist noch arbeiten. Stattdessen begründete die Mehrheit der Betroffenen ihre Entscheidung mit der Einschätzung, den beruflichen Anforderungen nicht mehr gewachsen zu sein, keine Beschäftigungschancen mehr zu haben und auch von der Arbeitsvermittlung keine ausreichende Hilfe zu erhalten. Der Rückzug in den Vorruhestand lässt sich somit nicht in erster Linie auf nutzenmaximierende Entscheidungen zugunsten von Freizeit und gegen Erwerbsarbeit zurückführen, sondern ist insbesondere bei Frauen in Ostdeutschland vorrangig Ausdruck fehlender Erwerbsperspektiven.

Suggested Citation

  • Christina Wübbeke, 2013. "Ältere Arbeitslose am Scheideweg zwischen Erwerbsleben und Ruhestand: Gründe für ihren Rückzug vom Arbeitsmarkt [Older unemployed persons at the crossroads between working life and retirement: thei," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 46(1), pages 61-82, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jlabrs:v:46:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1007_s12651-012-0115-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s12651-012-0115-9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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