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Being Here and Now: The Benefits of Belonging in Space and Time

Author

Listed:
  • Matthew Baldwin

    (University of Florida)

  • Lucas A. Keefer

    (University of Southern Mississippi)

Abstract

Research suggests that a sense of belonging is a critical prerequisite of happiness and well-being. While some have focused on belonging provided by relationships, other work demonstrates the value of belonging in certain places. In the current research we join these efforts to understand belonging by offering a novel framework for exploring an understudied but no less fundamental aspect of human experience—time. We situate this framework within an existential analysis of human action and test general predictions about the psychological value of experiencing a sense of belonging in time, what we call temporal rootedness. Two samples (Studies 1 and 2) collected across cultures provide converging evidence that temporal rootedness is a unique psychological phenomenon that is predictive of personal psychological well-being. Two additional experiments (Studies 3 and 4) offer promising evidence that temporal rootedness can be situationally induced and threatened with consequences for well-being. These findings demonstrate the potential value of further exploration into this sense of belonging.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew Baldwin & Lucas A. Keefer, 2020. "Being Here and Now: The Benefits of Belonging in Space and Time," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 21(8), pages 3069-3093, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:21:y:2020:i:8:d:10.1007_s10902-019-00214-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00214-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Young, Anne F. & Russell, Anne & Powers, Jennifer R., 2004. "The sense of belonging to a neighbourhood: can it be measured and is it related to health and well being in older women?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(12), pages 2627-2637, December.
    2. Tobias Rahm & Elke Heise & Mirijam Schuldt, 2017. "Measuring the frequency of emotions—validation of the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) in Germany," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-10, February.
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    4. Joseph Henrich & Steven J. Heine & Ara Norenzayan, 2010. "Most people are not WEIRD," Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7302), pages 29-29, July.
    5. Ed Diener & Derrick Wirtz & William Tov & Chu Kim-Prieto & Dong-won Choi & Shigehiro Oishi & Robert Biswas-Diener, 2010. "New Well-being Measures: Short Scales to Assess Flourishing and Positive and Negative Feelings," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 97(2), pages 143-156, June.
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