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Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being

Author

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  • Agnieszka Bojanowska

    (University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Poznan)

  • Anna M. Zalewska

    (University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculty in Poznan)

Abstract

In this person-oriented study 722 adolescents and adults filled out formal characteristics of behaviour—temperament inventory, satisfaction with life scale and positive and negative affect schedule. Using k-means clustering we assigned them to four subjective well-being (SWB) types: (1) achievers—high satisfaction, positive affective balance; (2) aspirers—low satisfaction, positive affective balance; (3) resigners—high satisfaction, negative affective balance; (4) frustrated—low satisfaction, negative affective balance; and to four temperament types denoting patterns of stimulation control (1) sanguine: high stimulation processing capacity (SPC) and high stimulation supply (StS); (2) melancholic: low SPC, low StS; (3) phlegmatic: high SPC, low StS; (4) choleric: low SPC, high StS. We compared stimulation control dimensions between SWB types and compared counts of SWB types across four profiles of temperament. SPC and StS were highest among achievers and lowest among the Frustrated, with aspirers and resigners in between. We found a clear correspondence between well-being structures and temperament types (a) the most common temperament among achievers was the sanguine, suggesting that this is the ‘happy temperament’, (b) among the Frustrated it was the melancholic (the ‘unhappy temperament’), (c) among resigners it was the choleric, suggesting that this ‘overstimulated temperament’ results in high satisfaction at the cost of lower affective balance, (d) among aspirers it was the Phlegmatic, suggesting that ‘understimulated temperament’, results in a good affective balance but lower satisfaction. Configurations of temperament dimensions within individuals affect the whole structure of SWB and can explain incongruence between cognitive and affective components of SWB.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Bojanowska & Anna M. Zalewska, 2017. "Happy Temperament? Four Types of Stimulation Control Linked to Four Types of Subjective Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 1403-1423, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:18:y:2017:i:5:d:10.1007_s10902-016-9777-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-016-9777-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aubrey Mc Kennell, 1978. "Cognition and affect in perceptions of well-being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 389-426, March.
    2. Dov Shmotkin & Michal Berkovich & Keren Cohen, 2006. "Combining Happines’s and Suffering in a Retrospective View of Anchor Periods in Life: A Differential Approach to Subjective Well-Being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 77(1), pages 139-169, May.
    3. Danilo Garcia & Saleh Moradi, 2013. "The Affective Temperaments and Well-Being: Swedish and Iranian Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 689-707, April.
    4. Mariano Torras, 2008. "The Subjectivity Inherent in Objective Measures of Well-Being," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 475-487, December.
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    1. Małgorzata Szcześniak & Klaudia Strochalska, 2019. "Temperament and Sense of Coherence: Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-12, December.

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