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Monetary policy framework in India

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  • Pami Dua

    (University of Delhi)

Abstract

In 2016, the monetary policy framework moved towards flexible inflation targeting and a six member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) was constituted for setting the policy rate. With this step towards modernization of the monetary policy process, India joined the set of countries that have adopted inflation targeting as their monetary policy framework. The Consumer Price Index (CPI combined) inflation target was set by the Government of India at 4% with ± 2% tolerance band for the period from August 5, 2016 to March 31, 2021. In this backdrop, the paper reviews the evolution of monetary policy frameworks in India since the mid-1980s. It also describes the monetary policy transmission process and its limitations in terms of lags and rigidities. It highlights the importance of unconventional monetary policy measures in supplementing conventional tools especially during the easing cycle. Further, it examines the voting pattern of the MPC in India and compares this with that of various developed and emerging economies. The synchronization of cuts in the policy rate by MPCs of various countries during the global slowdown in 2019 and the COVID-19 pandemic in the early 2020s is also analysed.

Suggested Citation

  • Pami Dua, 2020. "Monetary policy framework in India," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 117-154, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:inecre:v:55:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s41775-020-00085-3
    DOI: 10.1007/s41775-020-00085-3
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    Cited by:

    1. Barry Eichengreen & Poonam Gupta, 2024. "Inflation Targeting in India: A Further Assessment," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 18(1-2), pages 7-42, February.
    2. Animesh Bhattacharjee & Joy Das, 2022. "Assessing the long-run and short-run effect of monetary variables on stock market in the presence of structural breaks: evidence from liberalised India," The Review of Finance and Banking, Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti, Romania / Facultatea de Finante, Asigurari, Banci si Burse de Valori / Catedra de Finante, vol. 14(2), pages 121-131, December.
    3. Eichengreen, Barry & Gupta, Poonam & Choudhary, Rishabh, 2021. "Inflation Targeting in India: An Interim Assessment," India Policy Forum, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 17(1), pages 77-141.
    4. Radhika Pandey & Ila Patnaik & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2024. "The journey of inflation targeting in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2024-022, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    5. Yadavindu Ajit & Taniya Ghosh, 2024. "A Historical perspective on India's inflation persistence: A Quantile analysis," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2024-015, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    6. Afees Adebare Salisu, 2024. "India And The Rest Of The World: Analyses Of International Monetary Policy Spillovers," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 27(3), pages 573-600, July.
    7. Lokendra Kumawat, 2024. "Time-variation in response of inflation to monetary policy shocks in India: evidence from TVP-VAR models," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 233-248, June.
    8. Vaishali Garga & Aeimit Lakdawala & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2022. "Assessing central bank commitment to inflation targeting: Evidence from financial market expectations in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2022-017, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    9. Saksham Sood & Bichitrananda Seth & Samir Ranjan Behera & Deba Prasad Rath, 2024. "Asymmetric Impact of Monetary Policy on 10-Year G-Sec Yield in India," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(3), pages 615-629, September.
    10. Aeimit Lakdawala & Bhanu Pratap & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2023. "Impact of RBI’s monetary policy announcements on government bond yields: evidence from the pandemic," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 261-291, September.
    11. Aeimit Lakdawala & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2021. "Measuring monetary policy shocks in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2021-021, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    12. Priya, Pragati & Sharma, Chandan, 2024. "On transmission channels of energy prices and monetary policy shocks to household consumption: Evidence from India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    13. Pulapre Balakrishnan & M. Parameswaran, 2022. "What lowered inflation in India: monetary policy or commodity prices?," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 97-111, June.
    14. Ashok Banerjee & Ayush Kanodia & Partha Ray, 2021. "Deciphering Indian inflationary expectations through text mining: an exploratory approach," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 49-66, June.
    15. Shaikh, Imlak & Vallabh, Priyanka, 2022. "Monetary policy uncertainty and gold price in India: Evidence from Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) review," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation targeting; Monetary Policy Committee; Monetary transmission process; Unconventional monetary policy measures;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

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