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Effect of a theory-based hand hygiene educational intervention for enhancing behavioural outcomes in Ghanaian schools: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

Author

Listed:
  • Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong

    (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST))

  • Samuel Newton

    (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST))

  • Muriel J. Harris

    (University of Louisville)

  • Gabriel Gulis

    (University of Southern Denmark (SDU))

Abstract

Objectives The study sought to determine whether a hand hygiene educational intervention underpinned by educational and psychosocial theories is effective in enhancing behavioural intention and proper handwashing practices among school children. Methods The study was a cluster-randomised controlled trial, with schools constituting the clusters. At baseline, 717 pupils organised in four clusters were recruited. Techniques for data collection included a structured observation. The Student’s t test was used for data analysis. Results At follow-up, a statistically significant difference was observed between the study arms with regard to intention to wash hands with soap [after toilet use (p = 0.032, d = 0.5); before meals (p = 0.020, d = 0.2)]. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was identified between the study arms with regard to the practice of handwashing with soap (HWWS) [after toilet use (p = 0.005); before meals (p = 0.012)]. Conclusions A theory-driven hand hygiene educational intervention involving school children can have a medium to a very large effect size, with respect to the practice of HWWS, and a low to a medium effect size with respect to behavioural intention.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Appiah-Brempong & Samuel Newton & Muriel J. Harris & Gabriel Gulis, 2020. "Effect of a theory-based hand hygiene educational intervention for enhancing behavioural outcomes in Ghanaian schools: a cluster-randomised controlled trial," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(1), pages 99-109, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:ijphth:v:65:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s00038-019-01310-4
    DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01310-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben D. MacArthur & Richard O. C. Oreffo, 2005. "Bridging the gap," Nature, Nature, vol. 433(7021), pages 19-19, January.
    2. Lopez-Quintero, C. & Freeman, P. & Neumark, Y., 2009. "Hand washing among school children in Bogotá, Colombia," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(1), pages 94-101.
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