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Encoding candlesticks as images for pattern classification using convolutional neural networks

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  • Jun-Hao Chen

    (Soochow University)

  • Yun-Cheng Tsai

    (Soochow University)

Abstract

Candlestick charts display the high, low, opening, and closing prices in a specific period. Candlestick patterns emerge because human actions and reactions are patterned and continuously replicate. These patterns capture information on the candles. According to Thomas Bulkowski’s Encyclopedia of Candlestick Charts, there are 103 candlestick patterns. Traders use these patterns to determine when to enter and exit. Candlestick pattern classification approaches take the hard work out of visually identifying these patterns. To highlight its capabilities, we propose a two-steps approach to recognize candlestick patterns automatically. The first step uses the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) to encode the time series as different types of images. The second step uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the GAF images to learn eight critical kinds of candlestick patterns. In this paper, we call the approach GAF-CNN. In the experiments, our approach can identify the eight types of candlestick patterns with 90.7% average accuracy automatically in real-world data, outperforming the LSTM model.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun-Hao Chen & Yun-Cheng Tsai, 2020. "Encoding candlesticks as images for pattern classification using convolutional neural networks," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-19, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:6:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-020-00187-0
    DOI: 10.1186/s40854-020-00187-0
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    1. Rabia Aziz & C. K. Verma & Namita Srivastava, 2018. "Artificial Neural Network Classification of High Dimensional Data with Novel Optimization Approach of Dimension Reduction," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 5(4), pages 615-635, December.
    2. Taylor, Mark P. & Allen, Helen, 1992. "The use of technical analysis in the foreign exchange market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 11(3), pages 304-314, June.
    3. Marshall, Ben R. & Young, Martin R. & Rose, Lawrence C., 2006. "Candlestick technical trading strategies: Can they create value for investors?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(8), pages 2303-2323, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Wenyang & Zhao, Jianyu & Wang, Xiaokang, 2024. "Model-driven multimodal LSTM-CNN for unbiased structural forecasting of European Union allowances open-high-low-close price," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    2. Zhengmeng Xu & Yujie Wang & Xiaotong Feng & Yilin Wang & Yanli Li & Hai Lin, 2023. "Quantum-Enhanced Forecasting: Leveraging Quantum Gramian Angular Field and CNNs for Stock Return Predictions," Papers 2310.07427, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.

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