IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/fininn/v6y2020i1d10.1186_s40854-019-0164-y.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Bangladesh: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach

Author

Listed:
  • Bibhuti Sarker

    (University of Manitoba
    Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University)

  • Farid Khan

    (Rajshahi University)

Abstract

The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth in host countries is a heavily debated issue. Although some studies have found evidence of the positive impact of FDI on economic growth, others have revealed the opposite result. Studies that examined the causality between FDI and gross domestic product (GDP) also have found evidence of unidirectional causality and, in some cases, a bidirectional causality. This study investigated the causal nexus between FDI and GDP in Bangladesh by employing standard time-series econometric tools, namely, augmented Dickey-Fuller, augmented Dickey-Fuller generalized least square, Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin, and Lee-Strazicich unit root tests to check stationarity, augmented autoregressive distributed lag (augmented ARDL) bounds testing approach to check cointegration, and Granger causality to explore the direction of causality. The augmented ARDL model found a long-run relationship between FDI and GDP. In addition, the error correction model and Granger causality results indicated the presence of a unidirectional causality running from GDP to FDI.

Suggested Citation

  • Bibhuti Sarker & Farid Khan, 2020. "Nexus between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Bangladesh: an augmented autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:6:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-019-0164-y
    DOI: 10.1186/s40854-019-0164-y
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1186/s40854-019-0164-y
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1186/s40854-019-0164-y?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Lipsey & Fredrik Sjoholm, 2011. "Foreign direct investment and growth in East Asia: lessons for Indonesia," Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(1), pages 35-63.
    2. Balasubramanyam, V N & Salisu, M & Sapsford, David, 1996. "Foreign Direct Investment and Growth in EP and IS Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 106(434), pages 92-105, January.
    3. De Gregorio, Jose & Guidotti, Pablo E., 1995. "Financial development and economic growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 433-448, March.
    4. Robert M. Solow, 1956. "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 70(1), pages 65-94.
    5. Kevin Honglin Zhang, 2001. "How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth in China?," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 9(3), pages 679-693, November.
    6. Miao Wang, 2009. "Manufacturing FDI and economic growth: evidence from Asian economies," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(8), pages 991-1002.
    7. Borensztein, E. & De Gregorio, J. & Lee, J-W., 1998. "How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?1," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 115-135, June.
    8. Sabina Silajdzic & Eldin Mehic, 2016. "Absorptive Capabilities, FDI, and Economic Growth in Transition Economies," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(4), pages 904-922, April.
    9. Junsoo Lee & Mark C. Strazicich, 2013. "Minimum LM unit root test with one structural break," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(4), pages 2483-2492.
    10. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
    11. Wu, Yanrui, 2000. "Measuring the performance of foreign direct investment: a case study of China," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 66(2), pages 143-150, February.
    12. Brian J. Aitken & Ann E. Harrison, 2022. "Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Globalization, Firms, and Workers, chapter 6, pages 139-152, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    13. Markusen, James R. & Venables, Anthony J., 1999. "Foreign direct investment as a catalyst for industrial development," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 43(2), pages 335-356, February.
    14. Yang Li & Shin-Yi Chen, 2010. "The Impact of FDI on the Productivity of Chinese Economic Regions," Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 299-312.
    15. Magnus Blomström & Ari Kokko & Mario Zejan, 2000. "Multinational Corporations and Productivity Convergence in Mexico," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Foreign Direct Investment, chapter 9, pages 134-159, Palgrave Macmillan.
    16. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    17. John H. Dunning, 1977. "Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the MNE: A Search for an Eclectic Approach," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Bertil Ohlin & Per-Ove Hesselborn & Per Magnus Wijkman (ed.), The International Allocation of Economic Activity, chapter 12, pages 395-418, Palgrave Macmillan.
    18. Elliott, Graham & Rothenberg, Thomas J & Stock, James H, 1996. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 813-836, July.
    19. Robert McNown & Chung Yan Sam & Soo Khoon Goh, 2018. "Bootstrapping the autoregressive distributed lag test for cointegration," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(13), pages 1509-1521, March.
    20. Harris, R. I. D., 1992. "Testing for unit roots using the augmented Dickey-Fuller test : Some issues relating to the size, power and the lag structure of the test," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 381-386, April.
    21. Rugman, Alan M, 1986. "New Theories of the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment of Internalization Theory," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 101-118, May.
    22. Junsoo Lee & Mark C. Strazicich, 2003. "Minimum Lagrange Multiplier Unit Root Test with Two Structural Breaks," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 85(4), pages 1082-1089, November.
    23. Mohammed Ershad Hussain & Mahfuzul Haque, 2016. "Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Bangladesh," Economies, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-14, April.
    24. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    25. David N. Figlio & Bruce A. Blonigen, 2019. "The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Local Communities," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foreign Direct Investment, chapter 11, pages 369-400, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    26. Sam, Chung Yan & McNown, Robert & Goh, Soo Khoon, 2019. "An augmented autoregressive distributed lag bounds test for cointegration," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 130-141.
    27. Alfred A. Haug, 2002. "Temporal Aggregation and the Power of Cointegration Tests: a Monte Carlo Study," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 64(4), pages 399-412, September.
    28. Goh, Soo Khoon & McNown, Robert, 2015. "Examining the exchange rate regime–monetary policy autonomy nexus: Evidence from Malaysia," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 292-303.
    29. Paresh Kumar Narayan, 2005. "The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 37(17), pages 1979-1990.
    30. Granger, C W J, 1969. "Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 37(3), pages 424-438, July.
    31. Razin, Assaf & Sadka, Efraim, 2003. "Gains from FDI inflows with incomplete information," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 78(1), pages 71-77, January.
    32. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    33. Barro, Robert J, 1990. "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 98(5), pages 103-126, October.
    34. Lipsey, Robert E. & Sjöholm, Fredrik, 2010. "FDI and Growth in East Asia: Lessons for Indonesia," Working Paper Series 852, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    35. Sunde, Tafirenyika, 2017. "Foreign direct investment, exports and economic growth: ADRL and causality analysis for South Africa," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 434-444.
    36. Sven Arndt, 1999. "Globalization and economic development," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 309-318.
    37. Azman-Saini, W.N.W. & Law, Siong Hook & Ahmad, Abd Halim, 2010. "FDI and economic growth: New evidence on the role of financial markets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(2), pages 211-213, May.
    38. Bitzer, Jürgen & Kerekes, Monika, 2008. "Does foreign direct investment transfer technology across borders? New evidence," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(3), pages 355-358, September.
    39. Bengoa, Marta & Sanchez-Robles, Blanca, 2003. "Foreign direct investment, economic freedom and growth: new evidence from Latin America," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 529-545, September.
    40. Goh, Soo Khoon & Sam, Chung Yan & McNown, Robert, 2017. "Re-examining foreign direct investment, exports, and economic growth in asian economies using a bootstrap ARDL test for cointegration," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 12-22.
    41. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    42. Parantap Basu & Chandana Chakraborty & Derrick Reagle, 2003. "Liberalization, FDI, and Growth in Developing Countries: A Panel Cointegration Approach," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 41(3), pages 510-516, July.
    43. Ahmet Ozyigit & Fehiman Eminer, 2011. "Bounds test approach to the relationship between human capital and foreign direct investment as regressors of economic growth in Turkey," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(6), pages 561-565.
    44. Dalia M. Ibrahiem, 2015. "Renewable electricity consumption , Foreign direct investment and Economic growth in Egypt: An ARDL approach," Proceedings of Economics and Finance Conferences 2204592, International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences.
    45. Urata, Shujiro, 1998. "Explaining the poor performance of Japanese direct investment in the United States," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 49-62, January.
    46. Debashis Chakraborty & Jaydeep Mukherjee, 2012. "Is There Any Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Economic Growth in India? A Time Series Analysis," Review of Market Integration, India Development Foundation, vol. 4(3), pages 309-337, December.
    47. Middleton, Alan, 2007. "Globalization, Free Trade, and the Social Impact of the Decline of Informal Production: The Case of Artisans in Quito, Ecuador," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 1904-1928, November.
    48. Min Shrestha & Khorshed Chowdhury, 2007. "Testing financial liberalization hypothesis with ARDL modelling approach," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(18), pages 1529-1540.
    49. Durham, J.B.J. Benson, 2004. "Absorptive capacity and the effects of foreign direct investment and equity foreign portfolio investment on economic growth," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 285-306, April.
    50. Kivyiro, Pendo & Arminen, Heli, 2014. "Carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign direct investment: Causality analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 595-606.
    51. V N Balasubramanyam & M Salisu & David Sapsford, "undated". "Foreign Direct Investment and Growth: New Hypotheses and Evidence," Working Papers ec7/96, Department of Economics, University of Lancaster.
    52. Feride Gönel & Tolga Aksoy, 2016. "Revisiting FDI-led growth hypothesis: the role of sector characteristics," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(8), pages 1144-1166, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nges Shamaine Afumbom & Mah-Soh Glenice Fosah & Gildas Dohba Dinga, 2020. "The Short and Long Run Effect of Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment and Renewable Energy on Economic Development: Evidence from Cameroon," Asian Development Policy Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 8(4), pages 340-350, December.
    2. Mohamad Aizad Mohamad Azahar & Hafizah Hammad Ahmad Khan, 2024. "The Impact of Political Instability on Foreign Direct Investment in Malaysia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(9), pages 2848-2858, September.
    3. AM.Priyangani Adikari & Haiyun Liu & MMSA. Marasinghe, 2021. "Inward Foreign Direct Investment-Induced Technological Innovation in Sri Lanka? Empirical Evidence Using ARDL Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, June.
    4. Niaz Morshed & Mohammad Razib Hossain, 2022. "Causality analysis of the determinants of FDI in Bangladesh: fresh evidence from VAR, VECM and Granger causality approach," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(7), pages 1-28, July.
    5. Daniel Francois Meyer & Lerato Mothibi, 2021. "The Effect of Risk Rating Agencies Decisions on Economic Growth and Investment in a Developing Country: The Case of South Africa," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, June.
    6. Zhang Yu & Muhammad Umer Quddoos & Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Muhammad Munir Ahmad & Laeeq Razzak Janjua & Muhammad Sajid Amin & Abdul Haseeb, 2023. "Investigating the moderating impact of crime and corruption on the economic growth of Bangladesh: Fresh insights," International Area Studies Review, Center for International Area Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, vol. 26(2), pages 185-207, June.
    7. Thi Thuy Hang Le & Van Chien Nguyen & Thi Hang Nga Phan, 2022. "Foreign Direct Investment, Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth—An Insight from Non-Linear ARDL Co-Integration Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-14, July.
    8. Wang Jiaqun & Kihumuro Jotham & Toyo Amègnonna Marcel Dossou & Alastaire Sèna Alinsato & Simplice A. Asongu, 2024. "Tourism and income inequality in sub-Saharan African countries: the role of democracy," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(18), pages 2878-2898, September.
    9. Muhammet Daştan & Hakan Eygü, 2024. "An empirical investigation of the link between economic growth, unemployment, and ecological footprint in Turkey: Bridging the EKC and EPC hypotheses," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(7), pages 18957-18988, July.
    10. Md Arif Hasan & Kh Md Nahiduzzaman & Adel S. Aldosary & Kasun Hewage & Rehan Sadiq, 2022. "Nexus of economic growth, energy consumption, FDI and emissions: a tale of Bangladesh," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(5), pages 6327-6348, May.
    11. M. Ajide, Folorunsho & A. Olayiwola, John, 2020. "Remittances and corruption in Nigeria," Working Papers 2632, Department of Economics, University of Ilorin.
    12. Nassir Ul Haq Wani & Farha Naz Khan & Faiq Naderi, 2024. "Electricity consumption and economic growth nexus in Afghanistan: impact, causality, projections, and policy implications," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(10), pages 1-25, October.
    13. Quiguanas Chila, Blademir & Rojas Velasquez, Libardo, 2024. "Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in the Pacific Alliance countries," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 16(2), pages 519-545, July.
    14. Shahnaz Parvin, 2021. "An association amongst Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Interest rate and Economic growth of Bangladesh from 1978 to 2020," International Journal of Science and Business, IJSAB International, vol. 5(11), pages 19-28.
    15. Mohammad Mushfiqul Haque MUKIT & Assim Ibrahim ABDEL-RAZZAQ & Mohammad Safiqul ISLAM, 2020. "Relationship between Unemployment and Macroeconomics Aggregates: Evidence from Bangladesh," Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, Tripal Publishing House, vol. 4(2), pages 45-61.
    16. Xuto, Praj & Bansal, Prateek & Anderson, Richard J. & Graham, Daniel J. & Hörcher, Daniel & Barron, Alexander, 2023. "Examining the impacts of capital investment in London’s Underground: A long-term analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    17. Waseem Alam & Firdos Ikram & Pushp Kumar & Mohammad Haseeb & Nazim Ali, 2024. "Asymmetric Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from India Using NARDL Simulation," Millennial Asia, , vol. 15(3), pages 409-428, September.
    18. Sultan Hafeez Rahman & Muhammad Shahadat Hossain Siddiquee, 2022. "Short- and long-run growth effects of fiscal policy in Bangladesh," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(9), pages 1-21, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nesrine Dardouri & Abdelkader Aguir & Ramzi Farhani & Mounir Smida, 2023. "Revisiting the Determinants of Investment- The Case of Tunisia," Post-Print hal-04101430, HAL.
    2. Mohamed Maher & Yanzhi Zhao, 2022. "Do Political Instability and Military Expenditure Undermine Economic Growth in Egypt? Evidence from the ARDL Approach," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(8), pages 956-979, November.
    3. Syed Ali Raza & Mohd Zaini Abd Karim, 2018. "Influence of Systemic Banking Crises and Currency Crises on the FDI-Growth Nexus: Evidence from China," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(3), pages 572-589, June.
    4. Vinish Kathuria, 2019. "Growth and Investment: Testing for the Relationship for South Asian Countries," Millennial Asia, , vol. 10(3), pages 337-371, December.
    5. Belloumi, Mounir, 2014. "The relationship between trade, FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: An application of the autoregressive distributed lag model," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 269-287.
    6. Mohammad Mafizur Rahman & Muhammad Shahbaz, 2013. "Do Imports and Foreign Capital Inflows Lead Economic Growth? Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 14(1), pages 59-81, March.
    7. Seng Sothan, 2017. "Causality between foreign direct investment and economic growth for Cambodia," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1277860-127, January.
    8. Ghazouani, tarek, 2018. "Reexamining the Foreign direct investment, Renewable energy consumption and Economic growth nexus: Evidence from a new Bootstrap ARDL test for Cointegration," MPRA Paper 103348, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 11 Sep 2020.
    9. Nabila Asghar & Samia Nasreen & Hafeez ur Rehman, 2012. "Relationship between FDI and Economic Growth in Selected Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 2, pages 84-96, February.
    10. Verónica Cañal-Fernández & Julio Tascón Fernández, 2018. "The long run impact of foreign direct investment, exports, imports and GDP: evidence for Spain from an ARDL approach," Working Papers 0128, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    11. Ibrar Hussain & Jawad Hussain & Arshad Ali & Shabir Ahmad, 2021. "A Dynamic Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Adjustment on Economic Growth: Evidence From Pakistan," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(2), pages 21582440211, June.
    12. Ali, Amjad & Ur Rehman, Hafeez, 2015. "Macroeconomic Instability and Its Impact on Gross Domestic Product: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan," MPRA Paper 71037, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Muhammad Shahbaz & Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, 2012. "The Dynamic of Financial Development, Imports, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Cointegration and Causality Analysis in Pakistan," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 13(2), pages 201-219, June.
    14. Mounir Belloumi & Atef Alshehry, 2018. "The Impacts of Domestic and Foreign Direct Investments on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-17, March.
    15. Bhavesh Garg & Pravakar Sahoo, 2021. "DO DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPITAL INFLOWS HAVE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT ON OUTPUT? Evidence from Time series and Panel Analysis," IEG Working Papers 443, Institute of Economic Growth.
    16. Mohamad A. Abou Hamia, 2022. "What level of international technology should developing countries transfer to sustain their economic growth?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 56(6), pages 4217-4239, December.
    17. Lukman Ayinde Olorogun, 2022. "Revisiting the Nexus of FDI-Led Growth Hypothesis and Economic Development in Rwanda: a Johansen-ARDL Approach to Cointegration," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(4), pages 2695-2717, December.
    18. Waseem Alam & Firdos Ikram & Pushp Kumar & Mohammad Haseeb & Nazim Ali, 2024. "Asymmetric Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from India Using NARDL Simulation," Millennial Asia, , vol. 15(3), pages 409-428, September.
    19. Maite Alguacil & Ana Cuadros & Vicente Orts, 2004. "Does saving really matter for growth? Mexico (1970-2000)," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(2), pages 281-290.
    20. Kyriakos Emmanouilidis & Christos Karpetis, 2020. "The Defense–Growth Nexus: A Review of Time Series Methods and Empirical Results," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 86-104, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    FDI; GDP; Augmented ARDL; Causality; Economic growth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:fininn:v:6:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1186_s40854-019-0164-y. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.