IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/endesu/v25y2023i1d10.1007_s10668-021-02060-1.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Scaling-up heterotrophic cultures of C. Pyrenoidosa microalgae for sustainable synthesis of low-density biodiesel mixtures and predict CI engine behavior at optimal proportions

Author

Listed:
  • Ashwin Jacob

    (Vellore Institute of Technology)

  • B. Ashok

    (Vellore Institute of Technology)

  • Hwai Chyuan Ong

    (University of Technology Sydney)

  • Phung Thi Kim Le

    (Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT))

Abstract

Sustainable fuel production techniques and feedstocks are essential to meet the future energy demand. In this context, the present study is aimed at sustainably producing low-density biodiesel from Chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae by heterotrophic means and processed using enzymatic transesterification. To assess the potential of the low-density biodiesel, the fatty acid methyl profile is analyzed and homogenized with diesel fuel at 10, 20, 30, and 40% (v/v/) and tested in a light commercial compression ignition engine at maximum throttle pedal position condition. Furthermore, to identify the optimal mixture proportion and predict the engine outputs, statistical tools like multivariate principal component analysis–desirability approach are employed. From the study, it was inferred that the biomass concentrations of the cultures from 100, 200, and 300L stir tank bioreactor reached up to 5.15, 4.24, and 4.36 g/L on scaling-up. The maximum biodiesel conversion rate of 98% was achieved at an optimal reaction time of 12 h and temperature of 37 °C during enzymatic transesterification. During engine testing, the lowest fuel consumption of 0.41 kg/kWh was attained at full load condition while operating on 40% biodiesel composition. At 20% biodiesel composition, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides, and smoke emissions reduce by 44.26, 23.55, and 11.69% as compared to diesel fuel at full load condition. Maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were achieved by CP30D70 at full load condition as compared to diesel fuel. The optimal biodiesel proportion was identified as 20 and 30% based on the cluster similarly index of 89.67% and desirability value.

Suggested Citation

  • Ashwin Jacob & B. Ashok & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Phung Thi Kim Le, 2023. "Scaling-up heterotrophic cultures of C. Pyrenoidosa microalgae for sustainable synthesis of low-density biodiesel mixtures and predict CI engine behavior at optimal proportions," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(1), pages 400-422, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-021-02060-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-02060-1
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10668-021-02060-1
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10668-021-02060-1?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Maroua El Ouaer & Nejib Turki & Amjad Kallel & Mansour Halaoui & Ismail Trabelsi & Abdennaceur Hassen, 2020. "Recovery of landfill leachate as culture medium for two microalgae: Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 2651-2671, March.
    2. Katiyar, Richa & Gurjar, B.R. & Bharti, Randhir K. & Kumar, Amit & Biswas, Shalini & Pruthi, Vikas, 2017. "Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae in photobioreactor using low cost crude glycerol for enhanced biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1359-1365.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lim, Juin Yau & Teng, Sin Yong & How, Bing Shen & Nam, KiJeon & Heo, SungKu & Máša, Vítězslav & Stehlík, Petr & Yoo, Chang Kyoo, 2022. "From microalgae to bioenergy: Identifying optimally integrated biorefinery pathways and harvest scheduling under uncertainties in predicted climate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Nayak, Manoranjan & Rashid, Naim & Suh, William I. & Lee, Bongsoo & Chang, Yong Keun, 2019. "Performance evaluation of different cationic flocculants through pH modulation for efficient harvesting of Chlorella sp. HS2 and their impact on water reusability," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 819-827.
    3. Nikolaos Remmas & Nicola Manfe & Ioanna Zerva & Paraschos Melidis & Roberto Raga & Spyridon Ntougias, 2023. "A Critical Review on the Microbial Ecology of Landfill Leachate Treatment Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Marcin Dębowski & Marcin Zieliński & Joanna Kazimierowicz & Natalia Kujawska & Szymon Talbierz, 2020. "Microalgae Cultivation Technologies as an Opportunity for Bioenergetic System Development—Advantages and Limitations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-37, November.
    5. Gao, Feng & Cui, Wei & Xu, Jing-Ping & Li, Chen & Jin, Wei-Hong & Yang, Hong-Li, 2019. "Lipid accumulation properties of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus in membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) fed with secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 671-676.
    6. Daniel Borowiak & Małgorzata Krzywonos, 2022. "Bioenergy, Biofuels, Lipids and Pigments—Research Trends in the Use of Microalgae Grown in Photobioreactors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-48, July.
    7. Jacob, Ashwin & Ashok, B. & Shanthakumar, S. & Jino, L. & Karthikeyan, A. & Kavvampally, Rahul & Raja, Ignatius, 2022. "Formulation of optimal bioenergy mixtures from phototrophic and heterotrophic cultures of S. quadricauda and C. pyrenoidosa microalgal strains," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 695-708.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:25:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-021-02060-1. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.