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Assessing livelihood-ecosystem interdependencies and natural resource governance in a tribally controlled region of India’s north-eastern middle Himalayas

Author

Listed:
  • Mark Everard

    (University of the West of England)

  • Gaurav Kataria

    (AE Travel Pvt. Ltd)

  • Smita Kumar

    (AE Travel Pvt. Ltd)

  • Nishikant Gupta

    (University of the West of England)

Abstract

Mountains host high biological and cultural diversity, generating ecosystem services beneficial over multiple geographical scales but suffering significant vulnerabilities. A case study in Lileng village (Arunachal Pradesh, Indian north-east Himalayas) explored linkages between a community with protected tribal rights and the forest and river ecosystems within which they are situated. Evidence was gathered through interviews and literature review about ecosystem service benefits, using the Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services approach. Subsequent analysis using the social, technological, environmental, economic, political framework found close, synergistic relationships between local people and the ecosystems for which they have protected tribal rights. Authoritative local governance arrangements prioritise community subsistence needs, limiting the influence of external state government and private actors on natural resource exploitation. Further sustainable economic development could stem from recognition of the value of ecosystem services produced by intact and functional habitats, and the potential for development of ‘payment for ecosystem services’ markets in addition to ecotourism and cultural tourism. Low food sufficiency and poverty observed in a previous study conducted in Uttarakhand state of the central Indian Middle Himalayas, principal drivers of out-migration and gender/age inequalities, were not evident in Lileng or surrounding areas, apparently linked to tribal rights and authoritative local governance in Arunachal Pradesh leading to greater resource security. Better understanding of ecosystem–community relationships in areas with protected tribal rights can highlight sustainable policies and practices that may be translated into wider geo-political areas, especially in the wake of projected climate change stresses.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Everard & Gaurav Kataria & Smita Kumar & Nishikant Gupta, 2021. "Assessing livelihood-ecosystem interdependencies and natural resource governance in a tribally controlled region of India’s north-eastern middle Himalayas," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 7772-7790, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:5:d:10.1007_s10668-020-00945-1
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-020-00945-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Everard, Mark & Harrington, Rory & McInnes, Robert J., 2012. "Facilitating implementation of landscape-scale water management: The integrated constructed wetland concept," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 2(C), pages 27-37.
    2. Everard, Mark, 2015. "Community-based groundwater and ecosystem restoration in semi-arid north Rajasthan (1): Socio-economic progress and lessons for groundwater-dependent areas," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 16(C), pages 125-135.
    3. Braat, Leon C. & de Groot, Rudolf, 2012. "The ecosystem services agenda:bridging the worlds of natural science and economics, conservation and development, and public and private policy," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 4-15.
    4. McInnes, R.J. & Everard, M., 2017. "Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services (RAWES): An example from Colombo, Sri Lanka," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 89-105.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoming Liu & Mei Xu & Huiling Zhou, 2022. "Analyzing the Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Network Structure of Ecotourism Flow in Zhangjiajie," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Das, Manob & Das, Arijit & Pandey, Rajiv, 2022. "Importance-performance analysis of ecosystem services in tribal communities of the Barind region, Eastern India," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    3. Hejie Wei & Jiaxin Zheng & Dong Xue & Xiaobin Dong & Mengxue Liu & Yali Zhang, 2022. "Identifying the Relationship between Livelihoods and Land Ecosystem Services Using a Coupled Model: A Case Study in the “One River and Two Tributaries” Region of Tibet," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-23, August.

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