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Groundwater availability and water demand sustainability over the upper mega aquifers of Arabian Peninsula and west region of Iraq

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  • Salih Muhammad Awadh

    (University of Baghdad)

  • Heba Al-Mimar

    (University of Baghdad)

  • Zaher Mundher Yaseen

    (Ton Duc Thang University)

Abstract

The current research is devoted to highlight the past, present and future status of groundwater characteristics over the Arabian Peninsula (AP) and west region of Iraq. The Umm er Radhuma, Rus Dammam and Neogene deposits are the major hydrostratigraphic units supplying the main groundwater resources in the AP. Water shortage is still a major problem for many countries in the world, including oil-producing countries such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia (SA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The withdrawal of groundwater has been reflected in salinization of agricultural soils, leading to an increase in high-cost technologies such as desalination of seawater to provide suitable water for diverse sectors. Hence, the use of seawater desalination as a major source of water is unavoidable, and country development requires the use of renewable energy as protection of the environment. The need to conserve and use groundwater resources efficiently is highly essential owing to the fact that it is the only natural source of water in such developing countries of global importance. The review comprises various essential components related to groundwater variability including the hydrogeological aspects, climate change, drawdown and abstraction, rainwater harvesting, desertification and population increment. Based on the reviewed perspectives, various practical visions are discussed for better groundwater management and sustainability. This research is presented as a milestone for diverse future works and investigation that might be conducted for better water resources management over the AP region.

Suggested Citation

  • Salih Muhammad Awadh & Heba Al-Mimar & Zaher Mundher Yaseen, 2021. "Groundwater availability and water demand sustainability over the upper mega aquifers of Arabian Peninsula and west region of Iraq," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(1), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:23:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1007_s10668-019-00578-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-019-00578-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Khamis Naba Sayl & Nur Shazwani Muhammad & Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ahmed El-shafie, 2016. "Estimation the Physical Variables of Rainwater Harvesting System Using Integrated GIS-Based Remote Sensing Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(9), pages 3299-3313, July.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Rayan Khalil, 2023. "Grain-Size Analysis of Middle Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoirs, the Wasia Formation, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Abdullah Alodah, 2023. "Towards Sustainable Water Resources Management Considering Climate Change in the Case of Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-29, October.
    4. Wilian Rodrigues Ribeiro & Morgana Scaramussa Gonçalves & Daniel Soares Ferreira & Dalila Costa Gonçalves & Samira Luns Hatum Almeida & Ramon Amaro Sales & Felipe Cunha Siman & Luan Peroni Venancio & , 2022. "Water demand of central pivot-irrigated areas in Bahia, Brazil: management of water resources applied to sustainable production," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(10), pages 12340-12366, October.
    5. Abdulnoor A. J. Ghanim & Ahmed M. Al-Areeq & Mohammed Benaafi & Mohammed S. Al-Suwaiyan & Amran A. Al Aghbari & Mana Alyami, 2023. "Mapping Groundwater Potential Zones in the Habawnah Basin of Southern Saudi Arabia: An AHP- and GIS-based Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, June.

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